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Although type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and other types of diabetes mellitus differ in pathological mechanisms, they converge in that hyperglycemia is a universal clinical hallmark. Currently, the antidiabetic medications employed in clinical practice for blood glucose management require long-term administration and are associated with various side effects that can adversely impact human health. Plant heteropolysaccharides have emerged as promising candidates for anti-diabetic therapy, owing to their abundant natural sources, absence of toxicities, and confirmed hypoglycemic activities. This review aims to summarize the anti-diabetic mechanisms of plant heteropolysaccharides by dissecting the key biological pathways associated with clinical intervention in DM, including the modulation of insulin secretion, a reduction in insulin resistance, and an alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota. For these reasons, these findings provide a theoretical framework for the clinical application of plant heteropolysaccharides and indicate that they are expected to become natural agents used in treating DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47070533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:26:37Z","timestamp":1752233197000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Plant Heteropolysaccharides as Potential Anti-Diabetic Agents: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0956-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antar, S.A., Ashour, N.A., Sharaky, M., Khattab, M., Ashour, N.A., Zaid, R.T., Roh, E.J., Elkamhawy, A., and Al-Karmalawy, A.A. 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