{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:37:45Z","timestamp":1781177865226,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymorphous Light Eruption (PLE) is a prevalent UV-induced photodermatosis characterized by abnormal immune responses, oxidative stress, and cutaneous inflammation. Alpha-glucosylrutin (AGR), a chemically modified flavonoid widely used for its antioxidant and photoprotective effects, has shown clinical efficacy; however, its synthetic origin and classification as a potential skin sensitizer and aquatic toxin raise safety and environmental concerns. These limitations underscore the need for safer, naturally derived alternatives. In this study, we investigated the comparative efficacy of quercetin (QC) and hesperidin (HPN)\u2014two plant-based flavonoids\u2014against AGR in in vitro and ex vivo models of sun-induced skin damage. An optimized QC:HPN 8:1 (w\/w) complex significantly restored antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD: 4.11 \u00b1 0.32 mU\/mg; CAT: 1.88 \u00b1 0.04 mU\/mg) and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6: 155.95 \u00b1 3.17 pg\/mL; TNF-\u03b1: 62.34 \u00b1 0.72 pg\/mL) more effectively than AGR. \u03b2-hexosaminidase secretion, a marker of allergic response, was reduced to 99.02 \u00b1 1.45% with QC:HPN 8:1, compared to 121.33 \u00b1 1.15% with AGR. QC alone exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity at \u226510 \u03bcg\/mL, whereas HPN maintained &gt;94% cell viability at all tested concentrations. These findings highlight the QC:HPN 8:1 complex as a safe, natural, and effective alternative to synthetic AGR for preventing and managing PLE and UV-induced dermal inflammation. Further research should focus on clinical validation and formulation development for topical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47070567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T09:33:53Z","timestamp":1753090433000},"page":"567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Photoprotective Effects of Quercetin and Hesperidin in Polymorphous Light Eruption: A Comparative Study with Alpha-Glucosylrutin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Yoon-Seo","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School-Interdisciplinary Program in Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, ID Hospital, Seoul 06039, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3257-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inhee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Research Center, Seoul 06526, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Ju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Daebong LS Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonki","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, UCL Co., Ltd., Incheon 21697, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hee","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P&K Skin Research Center, Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0439-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Sang","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strategic Marketing Division, UCL Co., Ltd., Seoul 07236, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5073-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongsung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_1092_20","article-title":"A Review on Sun Exposure and Skin Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Merin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. 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