{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:33:32Z","timestamp":1760060012930,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most prevalent cutaneous T cell lymphoma, features clonal CD4\u207a T cell proliferation within a Th2-dominant microenvironment. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes disease progression while Brentuximab Vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody\u2013drug conjugate, shows efficacy but faces resistance challenges. Methods: We conducted a narrative literature review (2010\u20132024) synthesizing evidence on IL-4 signaling and BV\u2019s efficacy in MF to develop a theoretical framework for combination therapy. Results: IL-4 may modulate CD30 expression and compromise BV\u2019s effectiveness through immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling. Theoretical mechanisms suggest that IL-4 pathway inhibition could reprogram the microenvironment toward Th1 dominance and restore BV sensitivity. However, no direct experimental evidence validates this combination, and safety concerns including potential disease acceleration require careful evaluation. Conclusions: The proposed IL-4\/BV combination represents a biologically compelling but unproven hypothesis requiring systematic preclinical validation and biomarker-driven clinical trials. This framework could guide future research toward transforming treatment approaches for CD30-positive MF by targeting both malignant cells and their immunologically permissive microenvironment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47080586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T09:05:12Z","timestamp":1753347912000},"page":"586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IL-4 and Brentuximab Vedotin in Mycosis Fungoides: A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interactions and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Andreescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorin Ioan","family":"Tudorache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1362-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin Alec","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Witting Clinical Hospital, 010243 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Andreescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16325","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides: Developments in incidence, treatment and survival","volume":"34","author":"Kaufman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyagaki, T. (2021). Diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091721"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.08.004","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides","volume":"65","author":"Zinzani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.01.004","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides: A great imitator","volume":"37","author":"Hodak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.10.060","article-title":"Adherence with topical treatment is poor compared with adherence with oral agents: Implications for effective clinical use of topical agents","volume":"54","author":"McCarty","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16098","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides in pediatric population: Comprehensive review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management","volume":"61","author":"Kothari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15526","article-title":"Epidemiology and prognostic factors for mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: A 12-year review","volume":"33","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000106410","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for mycosis fungoides","volume":"35","author":"Wohl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"443","article-title":"2016 US lymphoid malignancy statistics by World Health Organization subtypes","volume":"66","author":"Teras","year":"2016","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24233","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"91","author":"Wilcox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Vaidya, T., and Badri, T. (2025, June 10). Mycosis Fungoides, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519572\/."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001154","article-title":"Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis and Mycosis Fungoides: A Hitherto Unreported Association","volume":"41","author":"Arias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284045","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1284045","article-title":"Advances in the treatment of mycoses fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome: A narrative update in skin-directed therapies and immune-based treatments","volume":"14","author":"Stuver","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-024-00746-7","article-title":"Advances in Novel Systemic Therapies for the Management of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)","volume":"20","author":"Case","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S487088","article-title":"Recent Advances in Understanding the Clinical Responses of Brentuximab Vedotin in Lymphoma and the Correlation with CD30 Expression","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guglielmo, A., Zengarini, C., Agostinelli, C., Motta, G., Sabattini, E., and Pileri, A. (2024). The Role of Cytokines in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: A Focus on the State of the Art and Possible Therapeutic Targets. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202402.0216.v1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8687","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0449","article-title":"Endogenous interleukin-4 promotes tumor development by increasing tumor cell resistance to apoptosis","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13230","article-title":"Engineering the IL-4\/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation","volume":"320","author":"Bernstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-013-0133-z","article-title":"IL-4: An important cytokine in determining the fate of T cells","volume":"6","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16073","article-title":"Interleukin-4 induced 1-mediated resistance to an immune checkpoint inhibitor through suppression of CD8+ T cell infiltration in melanoma","volume":"115","author":"Hirose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06875-4","article-title":"IL-4\/IL-4R axis signaling drives resistance to immunotherapy by inducing the upregulation of Fc\u03b3 receptor IIB in M2 macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2017.23","article-title":"The immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-4 increases the clonogenic potential of prostate stem-like cells by activation of STAT6 signalling","volume":"6","author":"Nappo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-02032-3","article-title":"IL-4 promotes immunotherapy resistance","volume":"25","author":"Jauregui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"15","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Results from a phase 2 study","volume":"16","author":"Horwitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-017-2043-6","article-title":"IL-4 blockade alters the tumor microenvironment and augments the response to cancer immunotherapy in a mouse model","volume":"66","author":"Kasahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07962-4","article-title":"The type 2 cytokine Fc\u2013IL-4 revitalizes exhausted CD8+ T cells against cancer","volume":"634","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.12.003","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma: Role of chemokines, cytokines, and dysregulated signaling pathways","volume":"86","author":"Patil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzetto, R., Miceli, P., Tartaglia, J., Ciolfi, C., Sernicola, A., and Alaibac, M. (2024). Role of IL-4 and IL-13 in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Life, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/life14020245"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.4161\/15384101.2014.947759","article-title":"Denis Sasseville Analysis of STAT4 expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients and patient-derived cell lines","volume":"13","author":"Litvinov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05224.x","article-title":"The relevance of peripheral blood T-helper 1 and 2 cytokine pattern in the evaluation of patients with mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome","volume":"148","author":"Papadavid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90067-5","article-title":"CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes influence the long-term survival of patients with mycosis fungoides","volume":"32","author":"Hoppe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00888","article-title":"Tuning the cytokine responses: An update on interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes","volume":"9","author":"Junttila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2000.027009429.x","article-title":"Interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma expression of the dermal infiltrate in patients with erythroderma and mycosis fungoides. An immuno-histochemical study","volume":"27","author":"Sigurdsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.05.004","article-title":"Tumor-associated M2 macrophages in mycosis fungoides acquire immunomodulatory function by interferon alpha and interferon gamma","volume":"83","author":"Furudate","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.3969","article-title":"Phase II Investigator-Initiated Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Mycosis Fungoides and S\u00e9zary Syndrome With Variable CD30 Expression Level: A Multi-Institution Collaborative Project","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738797","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1738797","article-title":"Blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in S\u00e9zary syndrome reduces Th2 phenotype of non-tumoral T lymphocytes but may enhance tumor proliferation","volume":"9","author":"Saulite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.036","article-title":"Ritlecitinib and brepocitinib demonstrate significant improvement in scalp alopecia areata biomarkers","volume":"149","author":"Pavel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3488","article-title":"TH2 cytokines from malignant cells suppress TH1 responses and enforce a global TH2 bias in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Guenova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6241","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0992","article-title":"Thymic Stromal Chemokine TSLP Acts through Th2 Cytokine Production to Induce Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma","volume":"76","author":"Takahashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.12.001","article-title":"Diagnosis of mycosis fungoides or S\u00e9zary syndrome after dupilumab use: A systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Jfri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e500","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16641","article-title":"Diagnosing mycosis fungoides after initiation of therapy with dupilumab: A case report and literature review","volume":"62","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02638","article-title":"Activation of the IL-4\/STAT6 signaling pathway promotes lung cancer progression by increasing M2 myeloid cells","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01468-7","article-title":"Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: Autoimmune disorders and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114760","article-title":"Targeting the JAK-STAT pathway in autoimmune diseases and cancers: A focus on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"193","author":"Tzeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02525-6","article-title":"STAT6 mutations compensate for CREBBP mutations in follicular lymphoma by restoring IL-4-driven RRAGD\/mTOR signaling","volume":"39","author":"Akhter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668369","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.668369","article-title":"NLRP3 regulates IL-4 expression in TOX+ CD4+ T cells of cutaneous T cell lymphoma to potentially promote disease progression","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2090","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of CD30 expression on CD4+ T cells by IL-4 and IFN-gamma","volume":"158","author":"Nakamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12988","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with CD30-positive haematologic malignancies and hepatic or renal impairment","volume":"82","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.20230","article-title":"Brentuximab vedotin","volume":"4","author":"Dhimolea","year":"2012","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20588","article-title":"Multicentric EORTC retrospective study shows efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in patients who have mycosis fungoides and S\u00e9zary syndrome with variable CD30 positivity","volume":"185","author":"Papadavid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5098","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004710","article-title":"Randomized phase 3 ALCANZA study of brentuximab vedotin vs physician\u2019s choice in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Final data","volume":"5","author":"Horwitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.3787","article-title":"Results of a phase II trial of brentuximab vedotin for CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis","volume":"33","author":"Duvic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31266-7","article-title":"10Brentuximab vedotin or physician\u2019s choice in CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ALCANZA): An international, open-label, randomised, phase 3, multicentre trial","volume":"390","author":"Prince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2023.10.001","article-title":"Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes With Brentuximab Vedotin or Other Standard Therapies in Patients With Previously Treated Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Barta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"e002773","article-title":"The Th2 cytokine profile in mycosis fungoides: A critical target for therapy","volume":"9","author":"Duvic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"13030","article-title":"The role of Th1\/Th2 balance in mycosis fungoides","volume":"22","author":"Saed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"1472772","article-title":"Th2 cytokine-mediated signaling pathways in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel Therapies for Mycosis Fungoides","volume":"26","author":"Duvic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"e70248","article-title":"Spatial genomics uncovers cytokines promoting ovarian tumour heterogeneity and immunotherapy resistance","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1373","article-title":"Role of CD30 expression in Mycosis Fungoides: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"29","author":"Beygi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301437","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1301437","article-title":"Mechanism of action and therapeutic targeting of CD30 molecule in lymphomas","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1111\/vco.12260","article-title":"IL-4 downregulates expression of the target receptor CD30 in neoplastic canine mast cells","volume":"15","author":"Bauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Comp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20503121211069012","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121211069012","article-title":"Tumor promoting roles of IL-10, TGF-\u03b2, IL-4, and IL-35: Its implications in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Mirlekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/47\/8\/586\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:15:06Z","timestamp":1760033706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/47\/8\/586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb47080586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb47080586","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-3045"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]}}}