{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:19:26Z","timestamp":1792181966332,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild Ganoderma lucidum from Nepal\u2019s high-altitude regions was studied to identify key bioactive compounds and assess the influence of solvent type\u2014water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone\u2014on extraction efficiency and biological activity. Extracts were evaluated for antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, and phytochemical composition via gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Solvent type significantly affected both yield and bioactivity. Acetone yielded the highest crude extract (5.01%), while ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (376.5 \u00b1 9.3 mg PG\/g) and flavonoid content (30.3 \u00b1 0.5 mg QE\/g). Methanol extract was richest in lycopene (0.07 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/g) and \u03b2-carotene (0.45 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/g). Ethanol extract demonstrated consistently strong DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity, along with high reducing power. All extracts showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, with ethanol and water extracts showing the greatest inhibition (&gt;65% at 1000 \u00b5g\/mL). GC-MS profiling identified solvent-specific bioactive compounds including sterols, terpenoids, polyphenols, and fatty acids. Notably, pharmacologically relevant compounds such as hinokione, ferruginol, ergosterol, and geranylgeraniol were detected. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of G. lucidum, underscore the importance of solvent selection, and suggest that high-altitude ecological conditions may influence its bioactive metabolite profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47080624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T15:56:16Z","timestamp":1754409376000},"page":"624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Anticancer Potential of Wild Ganoderma lucidum Extracts from High-Altitude Regions of Nepal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9874-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishor","family":"Thapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, SANN International College, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar 56600, Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashmita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, SANN International College, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar 56600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, SANN International College, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar 56600, Nepal"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvash Chandra","family":"Awal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, SANN International College, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar 56600, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.09.023","article-title":"Global Diversity of the Ganoderma lucidum Complex (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) Inferred from Morphology and Multilocus Phylogeny","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2015.02.015","article-title":"From 2000 Years of Ganoderma lucidum to Recent Developments in Nutraceuticals","volume":"114","author":"Bishop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekiz, E., Oz, E., Abd El-Aty, A.M., Proestos, C., Brennan, C., Zeng, M., Tomasevic, I., Elobeid, T., \u00c7ad\u0131rc\u0131, K., and Bayrak, M. 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