{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:49:35Z","timestamp":1790142575670,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) is a growth factor primarily secreted by dermal papilla cells on hair-bearing skin that stimulates hair follicle proliferation and vascularization, and promotes the transition to the anagen growth phase of the hair follicle by activating key pathways such as PI3K\/Akt and MAPK\/ERK. IGF-1 also inhibits apoptosis, prolongs the follicular growth phase, and boosts VEGF expression, which supports microcirculation and nutrient delivery to hair follicles. The combined effects of IGF-1 and other growth factors, including VEGF, KGF (FGF-7), and PDGF, further amplify its effects on follicular cell proliferation and tissue repair. IGF-1\u2019s ability to regulate the hair growth cycle and its interactions with other signaling pathways make it a compelling therapeutic target for hair loss disorders. Both preclinical models and clinical evidence highlight IGF-1 as a promising therapeutic option for conditions like androgenetic alopecia (AGA), where IGF-1 levels are typically diminished. While topical IGF-1 treatments have shown efficacy and safety with minimal systemic absorption, additional research is needed to improve delivery methods, such as liposomal gels and exosome-based carriers, and to evaluate long-term effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47090773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:24:25Z","timestamp":1758198265000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in Hair Regeneration: Mechanistic Pathways and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Wang-Ju","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schweitzer Biotech Company, Taipei City 114066, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Yin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivona","family":"Percec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsong-Min","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City 433304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0405-2","article-title":"The Medical and Psychosocial Associations of Alopecia: Recognizing Hair Loss as More Than a Cosmetic Concern","volume":"20","author":"Marks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. 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