{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:25:54Z","timestamp":1783189554133,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23K07846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K07846"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: FLT3 mutations, including internal tandem duplication (ITD) and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) point mutations, represent common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with FLT3-ITD associated with poor prognosis. Although FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as quizartinib (Quiz) and gilteritinib, have improved clinical outcomes, secondary TKD mutations, particularly the gatekeeper mutation F691L, confer significant resistance. We previously demonstrated that chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic drug, inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis and selectively suppresses the growth of cancer cells harboring mutant receptor tyrosine kinases. Methods: In this study, we examined the efficacy of CPZ in overcoming TKI resistance using Ba\/F3 cells expressing FLT3-ITD or FLT3-ITD\/F692L, the murine analog of F691L. Results: Quiz inhibited proliferation of FLT3-ITD cells but was ineffective against FLT3-ITD\/F692L cells. CPZ suppressed growth in both cell types. Co-treatment with CPZ and Quiz exhibited synergistic effects in FLT3-ITD cells, but not in FLT3-ITD\/F692L cells. CPZ reduced STAT5 phosphorylation and modulated downstream signaling in FLT3-ITD cells, while only partially affecting STAT5 in FLT3-ITD\/F692L cells. Expression of constitutively active STAT5 partially rescued CPZ-induced growth inhibition. Conclusions: These findings suggest that STAT5 suppression is a key mechanism of CPZ\u2019s antileukemic activity and support its potential as a therapeutic strategy for FLT3-ITD-positive AML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47100797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T06:02:52Z","timestamp":1758866572000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antipsychotic Chlorpromazine Suppresses STAT5 Signaling, Overcomes Resistance Mediated by the Gatekeeper Mutation FLT3-ITD\/F691L, and Synergizes with Quizartinib in FLT3-ITD-Positive Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Aki","family":"Fujii-Hanamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8457-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Haeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara 630-0293, Ikoma, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kumode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Serizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyoshi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hanamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara 630-0293, Ikoma, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinya","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itaru","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.6.1752","article-title":"The presence of a FLT3 internal tandem duplication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) adds important prognostic information to cytogenetic risk group and response to the first cycle of chemotherapy: Analysis of 854 patients from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council AML 10 and 12 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