{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T01:20:05Z","timestamp":1789089605857,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-02263193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02263193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-09452988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-09452988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin aging is primarily driven by oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle dysregulation. This study investigated the anti-senescence effects of fermented porcine placenta (FPP) and its dipeptides, leucine\u2013glycine (LG) and proline\u2013hydroxyproline (PH), in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs), using nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as a reference for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-related pathways. FPP suppressed senescence-associated \u03b2-galactosidase (SA-\u03b2-gal) activity and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16) expression while enhancing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)\u2013peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) signaling. LG and PH exhibited distinct actions: LG improved redox balance by increasing the NAD+\/NADH ratio and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activity, whereas PH modulated cell cycle regulators and upregulated sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression. Although both peptides contributed to FPP\u2019s effects, their combination did not fully replicate its overall activity, suggesting synergistic roles of multiple bioactive constituents. These findings highlight FPP as a multifactorial modulator of keratinocyte senescence, acting via mitochondrial and redox-related mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47110941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:46:22Z","timestamp":1763138782000},"page":"941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fermented Porcine Placenta and Its Dipeptides Modulate Cellular Senescence in Human Keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9806-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yea Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0303-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minseo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu Hyun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1321-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongbae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Seon","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Sung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwi Seo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6066-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangki","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Research Park, LG Household and Healthcare Ltd., Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4187-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sullim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parrado, C., Mercado-Saenz, S., Perez-Davo, A., Gilaberte, Y., Gonzalez, S., and Juarranz, A. 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