{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:11:10Z","timestamp":1793729470575,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic, persistent environmental pollutants detected in biological systems and increasingly recognized for their harmful effects on human health. The liver, being a central organ in the metabolism of xenobiotics, is profoundly affected by these compounds and is a main target of PFAS-induced toxicity. The purpose of the present Scoping Review is to investigate the multiple and complex mechanisms behind PFAS hepatotoxicity, taking into consideration evidence from preclinical in vivo models. Using electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar), a total of 38 studies were found eligible to be extensively explored to gather information regarding PFAS toxicity toward hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, injury and inflammation. Moreover, the parental exposure of these chemicals on the offspring will be discussed as well. As illustrated in the proposed graphical abstract, PFAS exposure has been linked to the triggering of oxidative stress phenomena, mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic inflammatory infiltrate with sex specific effects in rodents. The predominant effects manifest as the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the disruption of hepatic lipid metabolism, and the activation of several nuclear transcription factors involved in lipid regulation, with PPAR-\u03b1 being the most prominent. Considering their strong bioaccumulative properties and persistence in both the environment and the human body, legacy and emerging PFAS should be regarded as potent toxicants with a distinctive role in the onset of metabolic diseases and as a pressing issue to be addressed within regulatory policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47110944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:33:21Z","timestamp":1763141601000},"page":"944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Lipid Metabolism in Experimental Animal Models: A Scoping Review on the Mechanisms Behind the Induced Hepatotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1540-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Tancreda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Flashtox Srl, Via Tosco Romagnola 136, 56025 Pontedera, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flashtox Srl, Via Tosco Romagnola 136, 56025 Pontedera, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1823-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Vornoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panieri, E., Baralic, K., Djukic-Cosic, D., Djordjevic, A.B., and Saso, L. 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