{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:07:04Z","timestamp":1781795224187,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation and disruption of the intestinal barrier, often accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota composition. This study examined the protective potential of a prebiotic mixture extract (PME) prepared from Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna angularis (red bean), and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) using the HT-29 cell and colitis animal model. PME exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with greater radical-scavenging capacity in the ABTS assay than in the DPPH assay. In LPS-stimulated HT-29 epithelial cells, PME reduced the mRNA expression of inflammation-associated genes (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, NF-\u03baB) and upregulated tight junction markers (CLDN1 and OCLN), demonstrating its anti-inflammatory and supportive effects on the intestinal barrier. Vitexin, a C-glycosylated flavonoid, was detected in PME and is expected to mediate these protective effects. In a DSS-induced colitis mouse model, PME administration alleviated disease severity by increasing colon length, reducing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2\/PGE2, and restoring intestinal permeability. Furthermore, PME modulated the gut microbiota by enhancing beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Faecalibaculum while suppressing inflammation-associated taxa, including Escherichia, Bacteroides, and Mucispirillum. These improvements collectively suggest that PME reinforces epithelial barrier integrity and promotes intestinal homeostasis through both anti-inflammatory and microbiota-regulating actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48010032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1766986099000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Combined Prebiotic Extract of Mung Bean, Red Bean, and Fennel Improves Intestinal Barrier Integrity in HT-29 Cells and DSS-Induced Colitis via Gut Microbiota Alteration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5371-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Young","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7687-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Joon","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Jung","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy, Co., Ltd., Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150","article-title":"The global burden of IBD: From 2015 to 2025","volume":"12","author":"Kaplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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