{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T06:59:19Z","timestamp":1766991559550,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting over 85% of adolescents. Emerging evidence indicates that Cutibacterium acnes phylotype IA1 contributes to acne initiation and progression, yet its precise mechanisms in epidermal keratinocytes remain unclear. This study investigated C. acnes IA1\u2019s effects on keratinocyte behavior using an in vitro HaCaT cell model. Cells were co-cultured with live C. acnes IA1 (CICC 10864) for 24 h. Transcriptomic profiling identified 769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; adjusted p &lt; 0.05, |log2FC| &gt; 1), including 392 upregulated and 377 downregulated. The protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis via Cytoscape revealed key hub genes (HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPM, RBM39). Enrichment analyses (GO, KEGG, Reactome, DO) highlighted significant involvement of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) signaling pathway. Validation experiments showed cellular morphological changes, altered structure, and markedly elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6; p &lt; 0.01), underscoring its role in inflammation. These findings suggest C. acnes IA1 drives acne pathogenesis by regulating hub genes that influence sebaceous gland inflammation, immune activity, and keratinocyte proliferation, positioning them as potential biomarkers for microbiome-targeted therapies. Limitations include the in vitro model\u2019s lack of in vivo skin microenvironment complexity and use of only one representative IA1 strain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48010034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T06:25:51Z","timestamp":1766989551000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptomic Profiling of Cutibacterium acnes IA1\u2014Infected Keratinocytes Reveal Hub Genes and CLR Pathway in Acne Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, Shenyang 110036, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dangsheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingfu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6856-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101578","article-title":"Acne Vulgaris: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Recent Nanotechnology Based Advances","volume":"36","author":"Vasam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. 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