{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:37:20Z","timestamp":1792517840807,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Unit","award":["2022\/176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between miRNA-21, miRNA-155, miRNA-34a, IL-6, TGF-\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 expression levels and serum trace element levels in the development and progression of bladder cancer. RT-PCR was used to establish miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-34a expression levels while serum IL-6, TGF-\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 levels were determined using the ELISA and measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the patient group, miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 expression levels were significantly higher compared with the healthy control group (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, in the patient group, miRNA-34a expression was significantly lower compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001). IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b2, copper levels, and the copper to zinc ratio were significantly higher in the patient group (p &lt; 0.001). Serum iron and zinc levels in the patient group were significantly lower compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between miRNA-155 and IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 (r = 0.279, p = 0.015*; r = 0.325**, p = 0.004). A significant positive correlation was detected between miRNA-34a and IL-6 and TGF-\u03b2 (r = 0.294*, p = 0.010; r = 0.447**, p &lt; 0.001). By evaluating these important biomarkers together, it might be possible to implement clinical applications for bladder cancer treatment and develop individual therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1767198863000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of the Correlation Between Selected miRNAs, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Serum Trace Elements in Bladder Cancer Development and Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8412-091X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arzu","family":"Ay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nevra","family":"Alkanli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hali\u00e7 University, Istanbul 34060, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Engin","family":"Atli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8967-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Gurkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3408-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinar","family":"Koroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hali\u00e7 University, Istanbul 34060, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-8653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Can","family":"Kuvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhidin Hassan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5221-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Cevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-482X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Necdet","family":"Sut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bizzarri, F.P., Campetella, M., Russo, P., Palermo, G., Moosavi, S.K., Rossi, F., D\u2019Amico, L., Cret\u00ec, A., Gavi, F., and Panio, E. 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