{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T08:39:19Z","timestamp":1768552759534,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82074001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82074001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level TCM Key discipline Construction Project","award":["zyyzdxk-2023265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["zyyzdxk-2023265"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneously inhibiting beta-amyloid protein (A\u03b2) aggregation and reducing metal ion overload in the brain is a promising strategy for treating Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Aloe emodin (AE) is one of the major components of the traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb. Based on its reported pharmacological effects and its structural affinity for metal ions, this study aims to explore the potential of AE in improving AD pathology. Through the injection of A\u03b2 or copper-A\u03b2 complex in the bilateral hippocampus of rats, we constructed two kinds of nontransgenic animal models. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate cognitive impairment, and the effects of AE on neuronal damage and A\u03b2 deposition were measured via Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we detected copper content in the serum and brain tissues as well as some biochemical indexes of A\u03b2 cascade pathology in the brain tissues of model rats to explore the mechanism of action. AE treatment decreased copper accumulation and regulated A\u03b2 metabolism in the brain of model rats, thereby improving A\u03b2 deposition, memory impairment, hippocampal nerve cell damage, and related biochemical indicators. AE ameliorated the AD pathology of the model rats by targeting copper-induced A\u03b2 toxicity, revealing a mechanism of action by which AE may exhibit good clinical efficacy in treating AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48010086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:31:41Z","timestamp":1768480301000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral, Histopathological, and Biochemical Implications of Aloe Emodin in Copper-A\u03b2-Induced Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-like Model Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Xitong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7816-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baojian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yazhu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2024). 2024 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement., 20, 3708\u20133821.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RP91044","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91044.3","article-title":"Neurophysiological Trajectories in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Progression","volume":"12","author":"Kudo","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-05718-5","article-title":"An Age-Old Story of Dementia","volume":"559","author":"Drew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(91)90609-V","article-title":"Amyloid Deposition as the Central Event in the Aetiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Hardy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"43","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Puzzle: Delving into Pathogenesis Hypotheses","volume":"15","author":"Nasb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606210","article-title":"The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease at 25 Years","volume":"8","author":"Selkoe","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205455200","article-title":"Metal Ions, pH, and Cholesterol Regulate the Interactions of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Amyloid-Beta Peptide with Membrane Lipid","volume":"278","author":"Curtain","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.10.001","article-title":"Copper and Zinc Dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"39","author":"Sensi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5b00119","article-title":"Regulation of Copper and Iron Homeostasis by Metal Chelators: A Possible Chemotherapy for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"48","author":"Robert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14771","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302212110","article-title":"Low Levels of Copper Disrupt Brain Amyloid-\u03b2 Homeostasis by Altering Its Production and Clearance","volume":"110","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.3c00687","article-title":"Copper(II) Can Kinetically Trap Arctic and Italian Amyloid-\u039240 as Toxic Oligomers, Mimicking Cu(II) Binding to Wild-Type Amyloid-\u039242: Implications for Familial Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"4","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.05.007","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: How Metal Ions Define \u03b2-Amyloid Function","volume":"351","author":"Kepp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.2000.4274","article-title":"Review: Alzheimer\u2019s Amyloid Beta-Peptide-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity","volume":"130","author":"Varadarajan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.10.014","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and the Amyloid Beta Peptide in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Cheignon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12193","DOI":"10.1021\/ic4003059","article-title":"Role of Metal Ions in the Self-Assembly of the Alzheimer\u2019s Amyloid-\u03b2 Peptide","volume":"52","author":"Faller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2023.117538","article-title":"Bifunctional Backbone Modified Squaramide Dipeptides as Amyloid Beta (A\u03b2) Aggregation Inhibitors","volume":"97","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300405","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202300405","article-title":"Pincer Ligands as Multifunctional Agents for Alzheimer\u2019s Copper Dysregulation and Oxidative Stress: A Computational Evaluation","volume":"88","author":"Chaparro","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00252","article-title":"Stereoisomers of Schisandrin B Are Potent ATP Competitive GSK-3\u03b2 Inhibitors with Neuroprotective Effects against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Stereochemistry and Biological Activity","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, D., Zhao, H., Yin, Z., Han, C., Wang, Y., Luo, G., and Gao, X. (2021). Rheum Tanguticum Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in APP\/PS1 Mice by Regulating Drug-Responsive Bacteria and Their Corresponding Microbial Metabolites. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.766120"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6532","article-title":"Aloe-Emodin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics","volume":"34","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(00)00108-4","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity of Anthraquinones and Anthrone","volume":"70","author":"Yen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-023-10733-4","article-title":"Emodin Derivatives as Promising Multi-Aspect Intervention Agents for Amyloid Aggregation: Molecular Docking\/Dynamics Simulation, Bioactivities Evaluation, and Cytoprotection","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Divers."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666150504144919","article-title":"Inhibition of \u03b2-Amyloid Aggregation By Albiflorin, Aloeemodin And Neohesperidin And Their Neuroprotective Effect On Primary Hippocampal Cells Against \u03b2-Amyloid Induced Toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.87","article-title":"9,10-Anthraquinone Hinders Beta-Aggregation: How Does a Small Molecule Interfere with Abeta-Peptide Amyloid Fibrillation?","volume":"18","author":"Convertino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8056","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01144H","article-title":"Aloe-Emodin Prevents Nerve Injury and Neuroinflammation Caused by Ischemic Stroke via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and NF-\u03baB Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Xian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13657","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SC03932J","article-title":"Multipronged Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Ramesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12749","DOI":"10.1021\/bi030029q","article-title":"Self-Assembly of Abeta(1-42) into Globular Neurotoxins","volume":"42","author":"Chromy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120495","article-title":"Aloe Emodin 3-O-Glucoside Inhibits Cell Growth and Migration and Induces Apoptosis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells via Suppressing MEK\/ERK and Akt Signalling Pathways","volume":"300","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00615","article-title":"Effect of QTC-4-MeOBnE Treatment on Memory, Neurodegeneration, and Neurogenesis in a Streptozotocin-Induced Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Fronza","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370213513987","article-title":"Histone Acetylation and Expression of Mono-Aminergic Transmitters Synthetases Involved in CUS-Induced Depressive Rats","volume":"239","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-013-9665-0","article-title":"Biochemical, Histological, and Memory Impairment Effects of Chronic Copper Toxicity: A Model for Non-Wilsonian Brain Copper Toxicosis in Wistar Rat","volume":"153","author":"Pal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel Gaber, S.A., Hamza, A.H., Tantawy, M.A., Toraih, E.A., and Ahmed, H.H. (2023). Germanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Biochemical and Molecular Changes Characterizing Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Rats. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15051386"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8694462","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8694462","article-title":"Electroacupuncture Enhances Neuroplasticity by Regulating the Orexin A-Mediated cAMP\/PKA\/CREB Signaling Pathway in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice","volume":"2022","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.100190","article-title":"The Correlation between High Background Radiation and Blood Level of the Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Iron and Magnesium) in Workers of Mahallat\u2032s Hot Springs","volume":"1","author":"Abdolahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nairuz, T., Heo, J.-C., and Lee, J.-H. (2024). Differential Glial Response and Neurodegenerative Patterns in CA1, CA3, and DG Hippocampal Regions of 5XFAD Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212156"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6566","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1541-2","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Differences Between Area CA1 and the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus","volume":"56","author":"Alkadhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1558-9","article-title":"Presynaptic Dystrophic Neurites Surrounding Amyloid Plaques Are Sites of Microtubule Disruption, BACE1 Elevation, and Increased A\u03b2 Generation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"132","author":"Sadleir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5440.735","article-title":"Beta-Secretase Cleavage of Alzheimer\u2019s Amyloid Precursor Protein by the Transmembrane Aspartic Protease BACE","volume":"286","author":"Vassar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5058","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5058","article-title":"Rhubarb Anthraquinone Glycosides Protect against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Regulating Brain-Gut Neurotransmitters","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2022.102331","article-title":"Astrocyte Energy and Neurotransmitter Metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Integration of the Glutamate\/GABA-Glutamine Cycle","volume":"217","author":"Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.108338","article-title":"Glutamate Decarboxylase Confers Acid Tolerance and Enhances Survival of Mycobacteria within Macrophages","volume":"301","author":"Rai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2014.10.049","article-title":"Protective Effects of Aloe-Emodin on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice and H2O2-Induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells","volume":"24","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0272151","article-title":"Metal Binding and Oxidation of Amyloid-Beta within Isolated Senile Plaque Cores: Raman Microscopic Evidence","volume":"42","author":"Dong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00621","article-title":"TDMQ20, a Specific Copper Chelator, Reduces Memory Impairments in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Mouse Models","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-014-9799-3","article-title":"An Overview of Various Mammalian Models to Study Chronic Copper Intoxication Associated Alzheimer\u2019s Disease like Pathology","volume":"28","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-023-00530-9","article-title":"Are High Copper Levels Related to Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Diseases? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Articles Published between 2011 and 2022","volume":"37","author":"Glaser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-03008-0","article-title":"Hepcidin Deficiency Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Mediates Brain Atrophy and Memory Decline in Mice","volume":"21","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"mfac018","DOI":"10.1093\/mtomcs\/mfac018","article-title":"Copper-Mediated \u03b2-Amyloid Toxicity and Its Chelation Therapy in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202217791","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202217791","article-title":"Chasing the Elusive \u201cIn-Between\u201d State of the Copper-Amyloid \u03b2 Complex by X-ray Absorption through Partial Thermal Relaxation after Photoreduction","volume":"62","author":"Falcone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.438890","article-title":"Brain Virtual Histology with X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography Part II: 3D Morphologies of Amyloid-\u03b2 Plaques in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Models","volume":"13","author":"Chourrout","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15041","article-title":"Metallothionein: A Game Changer in Histopathological Diagnosis of Wilson Disease","volume":"83","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.2174\/0113895575298364240409064833","article-title":"Aloe-Emodin: Progress in Pharmacological Activity, Safety, and Pharmaceutical Formulation Applications","volume":"24","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mini. Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402228111","article-title":"Clioquinol Promotes the Degradation of Metal-Dependent Amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) Oligomers to Restore Endocytosis and Ameliorate A\u03b2 Toxicity","volume":"111","author":"Matlack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00033","article-title":"Hybrid Multifunctional Modulators Inhibit Multifaceted A\u03b2 Toxicity and Prevent Mitochondrial Damage","volume":"9","author":"Rajasekhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charissopoulos, E., and Pontiki, E. (2025). Targeting Metal Imbalance and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease with Novel Multifunctional Compounds. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30173512"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00216","article-title":"Small Molecule Inhibits Metal-Dependent and -Independent Multifaceted Toxicity of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Samanta","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.4c00283","article-title":"Fluorescent Peptides Sequester Redox Copper to Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Amyloid Toxicity, and Neuroinflammation","volume":"15","author":"Mandal","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00175","article-title":"Natural Tripeptide-Based Inhibitor of Multifaceted Amyloid \u03b2 Toxicity","volume":"7","author":"Rajasekhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.02.003","article-title":"The Coordination Chemistry of Substituted Anthraquinones: Developments and Applications","volume":"269","author":"Pope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.025","article-title":"Aloe-Emodin Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Inhibition of Ferroptosis","volume":"206","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"241","article-title":"Study on the antioxidant activity of Aloe-emodin metal complex","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sichuan Univ. (Med. Sci.)"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"3133","article-title":"Effect of Aloe Emodin on the Aggregation and Cytotoxicity of A\u03b242 in the Presence of Cu2+","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cent. South Pharm."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7306081","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7306081","article-title":"Ameliorating Effects of Aloe Emodin in an Aluminum-Induced Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Rat Model","volume":"2024","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/1\/86\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:59:34Z","timestamp":1768485574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/1\/86"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb48010086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb48010086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]}}}