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Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) induces cellular damage in BM-MSCs, such as DNA lesions and mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite their relative radioresistance, most surviving BM-MSCs enter senescence post-irradiation. This senescent state disrupts the bone marrow niche, impairs stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and contributes to acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and myelosuppression. To clarify the impact of IR on BM-MSCs, this review systematically summarizes the general mechanisms of radiation-induced cellular senescence, examines the effects of different radiation types (e.g., gamma rays, X-rays, and heavy-ion radiation) and doses on BM-MSCs senescence, and outlines senotherapeutic strategies targeting BM-MSCs senescence. The analysis indicates that the senescence of BM-MSCs caused by IR is type- and dose-dependent. The review identifies key factors in IR-induced BM-MSCs senescence to guide targeted interventions, highlighting the need for future studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IR-induced BM-MSCs senescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48020196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:16:38Z","timestamp":1770722198000},"page":"196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Review of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Senescence of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5263-7017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"},{"name":"Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome Medical and Pharmaceutical Basic Research Innovation Center, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3827-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maoshan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China"},{"name":"Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome Medical and Pharmaceutical Basic Research Innovation Center, Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Chongqing 400037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Transfusion, Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army 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