{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T14:51:39Z","timestamp":1774018299226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with limited disease-modifying therapies. This study explored a novel immunomodulatory approach using autologous, antigen-pulsed semi-mature dendritic cells (DCs) to modulate the inflammatory milieu in knee OA patients. Methods: In this open-label, quasi-experimental study, 29 subjects received a single subcutaneous injection of autologous DCs. Outcomes assessed at baseline and 4 weeks included the WOMAC index for symptoms and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. Responses were analyzed in the overall cohort and by BMI subgroups. Results: The overall cohort showed a non-significant trend in WOMAC improvement (p = 0.080) and no change in IL-6 (p = 0.785) or TNF-\u03b1 (p = 0.330). Subgroup analysis revealed differential patterns of response: WOMAC scores improved significantly only in normal-weight patients (p = 0.030), while serum TNF-\u03b1 decreased significantly only in overweight patients (p = 0.025). IL-6 levels were unchanged across all groups. Conclusions: Autologous antigen-pulsed DC administration was associated with differential responses across BMI subgroups. Symptomatic benefit was observed in normal-weight individuals, while a reduction in systemic TNF-\u03b1 occurred in overweight patients. These findings suggest that the host metabolic state may modulate the response to DC-based immunotherapy, and therefore warrant validation in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48030330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:58:53Z","timestamp":1774011533000},"page":"330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalized Immunotherapy in Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Trial of Autologous Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy in Knee Osteo-Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kurniawan","family":"Silalahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Slamet Riyadi Army Hospital, Surakarta 57148, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhimo Aji","family":"Hernowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta, Jakarta 12450, Indonesia"},{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonny","family":"Jonny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta, Jakarta 12450, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Military Medicine, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor 16810, Indonesia"},{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lintang","family":"Sagoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta, Jakarta 12450, Indonesia"},{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrismis Novalinda","family":"Ginting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terawan Agus","family":"Putranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \u201cVeteran\u201d Jakarta, Jakarta 12450, Indonesia"},{"name":"Indonesia Army Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilogo, I.H., Canintika, A.F., Hartanto, B.R., Pandelaki, J., and Himantoko, I.G. 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