{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:32:11Z","timestamp":1785407531199,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020043","name":"Yeditepe University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["22011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025mx2575","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parathyroid allotransplantation is a promising treatment for hypoparathyroidism, yet immune rejection and fibrosis remain significant barriers. This study evaluates a novel immunoprotective culture system utilizing a moderate-intensity static magnetic field (SMF) to modulate lymphocyte migration without compromising graft functionality. Human parathyroid cells were encapsulated and divided into 10 experimental groups, co-cultured with Jurkat T-lymphocytes, and either exposed to SMF or maintained as controls. Over 72 h, we analyzed parathormone (PTH) secretion, cell viability (via proliferation assays), and molecular expression patterns of key markers (VitDR, PTH, GCM2, and CaSR). Lymphocyte dynamics were monitored through comparative imaging and cytokine profiling (IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-2). SMF exposure significantly altered Jurkat cell behavior; while lymphocytes in unexposed groups aggregated around microcapsules, they were effectively repelled and migrated away from the graft interface under SMF exposure. Crucially, this biophysical manipulation was safe: no significant differences in PTH secretion or viability were observed across groups. All groups maintained essential genetic markers. Our findings demonstrate that SMF exposure induces lymphocyte migration away from the capsule without compromising parathyroid cell characteristics or functionality. Integrating encapsulation with SMF represents a novel, non-pharmacological, non-invasive immunoprotective strategy for parathyroid allotransplantation, offering a technological alternative to systemic immunosuppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48040388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1775816416000},"page":"388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Novel Immunoprotective Culture System for Parathyroid Allografts: Utilizing Static Magnetic Fields to Modulate Lymphocyte Migration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9645-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Alperen","family":"Tuncer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclnihal","family":"Bozda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zge Karab\u0131y\u0131k","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikrettin","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze Torun","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erhan","family":"Ay\u015fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul 34718, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jacob, S. (2007). Human Anatomy: A Clinically-Orientated Approach, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-012-0142-1","article-title":"Location, number and morphology of parathyroid glands: Results from a large anatomical series","volume":"87","author":"Lappas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Young, B., and O\u2019Dowd, P.W.G. (2012). Wheater\u2019s Functional Histology A Text and Colour Atlas, Elsevier. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Fehrenbach, M.J., and Herring, S.W. (2015). Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Springer."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.12.3585","article-title":"Human parathyroid hormone: Amino-acid sequence of the amino-terminal residues 1\u201334","volume":"69","author":"Brewer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Guyton, A.C., and Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology, Elsevier. [11th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1499","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3366","article-title":"Differential gene expression by oxyphil and chief cells of human parathyroid glands","volume":"97","author":"Ritter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Walker, B.R., Colledge, N.R., Ralston, S.H., and Penman, I.D. (2014). Davidson\u2019s Principle & Practice Medicine, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp032200","article-title":"Clinical practice. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"350","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.483","article-title":"Hypoparathyroidism in the adult: Epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, target-organ involvement, treatment, and challenges for future research","volume":"26","author":"Bilezikian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230601072301","article-title":"Defining a Noncarcinogenic Dose of Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone 1\u201384 in a 2-Year Study in Fischer 344 Rats","volume":"34","author":"Jolette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-3-3-245","article-title":"The transplantation of parathyroid tissue in man: Development, indications, technique, and results","volume":"3","author":"Niederle","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000258601.17505.9d","article-title":"Allotransplantation of cultured parathyroid progenitor cells without immunosuppression: Clinical results","volume":"83","author":"Nawrot","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"188","article-title":"Allogeneic parathyroid: 2-year follow-up","volume":"83","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cir. y Cir. Engl. Ed."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Abbas Abdul, K., and Lichtman Andrew, H.P. (2022). Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Elsevier. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2012.11.007","article-title":"Fiber-based tissue engineering: Progress, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"31","author":"Tamayol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polystyrene microsphere and 5-fluorouracil release from custom-designed wound dressing films","volume":"2","author":"Nagendra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.03.033","article-title":"Recent advances on the development of wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcer treatment\u2014A review","volume":"9","author":"Moura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaf3627","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3627","article-title":"Advances in engineering hydrogels","volume":"356","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02075-7","article-title":"Microencapsulation of parathyroid cells via electric field and non-surgical transplantation approach","volume":"46","author":"Acar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abka-Khajouei, R., Tounsi, L., Shahabi, N., Patel, A.K., Abdelkafi, S., and Michaud, P. (2022). Structures, Properties and Applications of Alginates. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20060364"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00457","article-title":"Alginate Microencapsulation for Three-Dimensional In vitro Cell Culture","volume":"7","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6776628","article-title":"Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas","volume":"210","author":"Lim","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"2930","article-title":"Studies of 300-\u03bcm microcapsules: I. Use of arginine esterase release by microencapsulated prostatic cells as a measure of membrane permeability","volume":"24","author":"Halle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"2946","article-title":"Long-term reversal of diabetes in the large animal model by encapsulated islet transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Feldman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"380","article-title":"Large-scale production of Ba2+-alginate-coated islets of Langerhans for immunoisolation","volume":"102","author":"Schmitt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.4.2465","article-title":"Lymphocyte Electrotaxis In vitro and In vivo","volume":"181","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tota, M., Jonderko, L., Witek, J., Novickij, V., and Kulbacka, J. (2024). Cellular and Molecular Effects of Magnetic Fields. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168973"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181aff9db","article-title":"ICNIRP statement on the \u201cguidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (UP to 300 GHz)\u201d","volume":"97","author":"Ziegelberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2011.3089","article-title":"Magnetic field-magnetic nanoparticle culture system used to grow in vitro murine embryonic stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, I.A., Fernandes, C., Tavares, N.T., Pires, A.S., Abrantes, A.M., and Botelho, M.F. (2022). Magnetic-Based Human Tissue 3D Cell Culture: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012681"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4180","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.13.4180","article-title":"Effects of electromagnetic stimuli on bone and bone cells in vitro: Inhibition of responses to parathyroid hormone by low-energy low-frequency fields","volume":"79","author":"Luben","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020511","article-title":"Evidence that pulsed electromagnetic fields inhibit coupling of adenylate cyclase by parathyroid hormone in bone cells","volume":"2","author":"Cain","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"94","article-title":"Enhanced responsiveness to parathyroid hormone and induction of functional differentiation of cultured rabbit costal chondrocytes by a pulsed electromagnetic field","volume":"931","author":"Hiraki","year":"1987","journal-title":"BBA-Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022753","article-title":"Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Cellular Systems by Low Level Magnetic Fields","volume":"6","author":"Martino","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0104(03)00320-3","article-title":"Anisotropic recombination of an immobilized photoinduced radical pair in a 50-\u03bcT magnetic field: A model avian photomagnetoreceptor","volume":"294","author":"Cintolesi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/095530096146147","article-title":"Free radical mechanism for the effects of environmental electromagnetic fields on biological systems","volume":"69","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-010-0306-0","article-title":"Effects of 50-Hz magnetic field exposure on superoxide radical anion formation and HSP70 induction in human K562 cells","volume":"49","author":"Mannerling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Li, C., Masood, M., Zhang, Z., Gonz\u00e1lez-Almela, E., Castells-Garcia, A., Zou, G., Xu, X., Wang, L., and Zhao, G. (2022). Static Magnetic Fields Regulate T-Type Calcium Ion Channels and Mediate Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferation. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152460"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2016.03.003","article-title":"Evidences of the static magnetic field influence on cellular systems","volume":"121","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.2.8440406","article-title":"Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems1","volume":"7","author":"Frey","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20198","article-title":"Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: Possible immune cell activation","volume":"93","author":"Mattsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37407","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37407","article-title":"How a High-Gradient Magnetic Field Could Affect Cell Life","volume":"6","author":"Zablotskii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2016.01.001","article-title":"Moderate intensity static magnetic fields affect mitotic spindles and increase the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU and Taxol","volume":"109","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabony, J., Glade, N., Papaseit, C., and Demongeot, J. (2002). Microtubule Self-Organisation and Its Gravity Dependence, Advances in Space Biology and Medicine, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2574(02)08014-0"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2019.166089","article-title":"Effect of nanoparticle size, magnetic intensity, and tumor distance on the distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles in a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment","volume":"498","author":"Shojaee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.08.052","article-title":"Accurate calculation of major forces acting on magnetic particles in a high-gradient magnetic field: A 3D finite element analysis","volume":"394","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2022.10.331","article-title":"Effect of magnetic field intensity on the microstructure and abrasion resistance of magnetic electrodeposited Ni\u2013Co\u2013SiC thin films","volume":"49","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01724-z","article-title":"A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields","volume":"19","author":"Esat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2004.08.008","article-title":"Effects of static magnetic fields at the cellular level","volume":"87","author":"Miyakoshi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10999-8","article-title":"ESR Essentials: Basic physics of MR safety-practice recommendations by the European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology","volume":"35","author":"Nordin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-2647(95)01555-Y","article-title":"Magnetic field effects on biomolecules, cells, and living organisms","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"1995","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2013.1635","article-title":"Magnetic force-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine","volume":"9","author":"Castro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-20-0450","article-title":"Gene expression profile in metastatic and non-metastatic parathyroid carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Condello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03376-w","article-title":"Parathyroid carcinoma: Molecular therapeutic targets","volume":"81","author":"Marini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114669","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone and its related peptides in bone metabolism","volume":"192","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leko, M.B., Plei\u0107, N., Gunja\u010da, I., and Zemunik, T. (2022). Environmental factors that affect parathyroid hormone and calcitonin levels. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010044"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101480","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulation of metabolic homeostasis: An old dog teaches us new tricks","volume":"60","author":"Rosen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1039\/c0lc00371a","article-title":"Activated T lymphocytes migrate toward the cathode of DC electric fields in microfluidic devices","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53898-5","article-title":"Physiological strength electric fields modulate human T cell activation and polarisation","volume":"9","author":"Arnold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100965","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100965","article-title":"Advances in Encapsulation and Delivery Strategies for Islet Transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.11.007","article-title":"Emerging strategies for beta cell transplantation to treat diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Lukin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/4\/388\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T04:15:47Z","timestamp":1775967347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/4\/388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb48040388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb48040388","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]}}}