{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:35Z","timestamp":1785437015956,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018818","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["143690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["143690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["143690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["143690"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g2am276","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Female malignancies, including breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, remain a significant health challenge. Meanwhile, treatment options for advanced-stage remain limited. Drug repurposing has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate the development of effective cancer therapies using existing medications. Growing evidence indicates that metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are linked with an elevated risk of tumors, highlighting antidiabetic drugs as potential anticancer agents. Among these, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) have attracted attention as potential therapeutic candidates, due to their diverse biological functions in glucose metabolism, inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor biology. This review summarizes current epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical evidence regarding the role of DPP4 in female cancers and the therapeutic potential of DPP4 inhibitors. Studies demonstrate that DPP4 influences key oncogenic processes, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune modulation, and metabolic reprogramming. However, available data on DPP4 inhibition and its influence in cancer therapy are controversial and scarce. Further mechanistic studies and well-designed clinical investigations are required to clarify their safety and clinical applicability in the management of female malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48050445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1777981212000},"page":"445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DPP-4 Inhibitors in Female Cancers: Opportunities for Drug Repurposing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-330X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiba F.","family":"Muddather","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Hospital Street, Wad Madani 21112, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8519-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Schelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3243-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Zupk\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-021-00310-y","article-title":"Epidemiological Trends of Women\u2019s Cancers from 1990 to 2019 at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: A Population-Based Study","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomark. 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