{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:40:33Z","timestamp":1788547233388,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE) and the Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea","award":["2025-RISE-11-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-RISE-11-014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since chemical anti-allergic compounds have adverse effects, many investigators pay attention to relatively safe natural products. Twenty-four newly crossbred rosebuds were extracted with 80% ethanol and analyzed for polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, proanthocyanidins, and pyrogallol (1,2,3-benzenetriol). The extracts\u2019 antioxidative, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Among candidates, Lover Shy, Pretty Velvet, Ice Wing, Red Perfume, Onnuri, Jaemina Red, and Hanggina were found to possess high concentrations of antioxidant components and antioxidative activity. By comparison, Pretty Velvet, Red Perfume, Jaemina Red, Hanggina, Onnuri, and Ice Wing were highly effective in anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, in parallel with their concentrations of pyrogallol. Their anti-allergic effects were confirmed in mice: The six extracts protected against Compound 48\/80-induced mortality and scratching behaviors in a dose-dependent manner. The allergen-induced increases in serum IgE and histamine, as well as inflammatory cytokines, tumor-necrosis factor-\u03b1, and interleukin-1\u03b2, were remarkably attenuated following treatment with the rosebud extracts. These findings suggest that the extracts and active ingredients from cross-bred rosebuds exert anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities through their high levels of pyrogallol and antioxidants, and that they could be promising candidates to overcome allergic responses such as atopic dermatitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48050448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1777388973000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pyrogallol Contributes to the Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Rosebud Extracts of Newly Crossbred Roses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"In-Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3572-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khan-Erdene","family":"Tsolmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolzaya","family":"Bavuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gumi Smart Agriculture Research Institute, Gyeongsanbuk-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gumi 39102, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solar Sora","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Technology Research Institute, ThanEver Inc., Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6042-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongsun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Jae","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heon-Sang","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1340-041X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun-Bae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Klaassen, C.D. 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