{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:10:20Z","timestamp":1785409820060,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRE_2025_1_0426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2025_1_0426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PRE_2025_1_0426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2025_1_0426"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00pz2fp31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-level athletic performance requires the implementation of personalized strategies based on the analysis of metabolic pathways involved in energy production: phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative pathways. In this context, mitochondria play an essential role as the central regulator of energy production, being closely linked to these three pathways. Exercise boosts cellular respiration, which can also be optimized by nutritional interventions and targeted supplementation, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress and increasing ATP production. These metabolic adaptations improve athletic performance, accelerate recovery processes, and reduce the risk of injury, adapting to the physiological characteristics of each athlete. Moreover, some of these metabolic adaptations converge on specific targets whose expression or activity is also altered in mental disorders. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze mitochondrial adaptations induced by exercise and supplementation, evaluating their impact on the phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative metabolic pathways, as well as their relationship with optimizing performance and recovery in high-level athletes, with special attention to their potential application to mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48050498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T08:55:28Z","timestamp":1779180928000},"page":"498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revision of Energy Metabolism Adaptations in High-Level Athletes: From Physical Performance Enhancement to Potential Therapeutic Targets in Mental Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane","family":"Larrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariyem","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Gulak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urduliz Alfredo Espinosa Hospital\u2014OSI Uribe, 48610 Urduliz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Torrecilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Barreda-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Buscalud Biofarma S.L., 48003 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.012","article-title":"Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation","volume":"17","author":"Egan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.289","article-title":"Evolution and Physiological Roles of Phosphagen Systems","volume":"63","author":"Ellington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. 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