{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:10:49Z","timestamp":1779199849093,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Histologic mucosal healing is an increasingly recognized therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet reliable non-invasive correlates remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate circulating cytokine patterns as detectability-based immune signals across the spectrum of histologic disease activity. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 59 patients with IBD and 36 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) were quantified by ELISA. Histologic activity was graded using the Geboes score. Associations were assessed using non-parametric methods and multivariable logistic regression with Firth penalization. Results: IL-10 demonstrated apparent separation across histologic states, primarily driven by reduced detectability in active inflammation, and was inversely associated with histologic severity. IL-10 remained associated with histologic status, although estimates should be interpreted cautiously. Detectable IL-23 was confined to moderate-to-severe inflammation and did not show graded discrimination, with interpretation limited by the small number of detectable observations. Conclusions: IL-10 and IL-23 exhibit complementary patterns, reflecting detectability-based regulatory signaling and a severity-dependent inflammatory threshold, respectively, without evidence of independent clinical utility for IL-23 in the present dataset. These findings are exploratory and require validation in larger prospective cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48050516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:11:31Z","timestamp":1779196291000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Systemic Cytokine Patterns and Histologic Disease Spectrum in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6090-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Martinos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Naval Hospital of Athens, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-2599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Kroupis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1166-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Gypari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Naval Hospital of Athens, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6952-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kranidiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Naval Hospital of Athens, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5475-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Karakoidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Naval Hospital of Athens, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6559-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Konstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Naval Hospital of Athens, 115 21 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8118-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas C.","family":"Lazaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia-Eleni","family":"Thomopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytopathology Department, Attikon University General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i7.968","article-title":"Histological healing in inflammatory bowel disease: A still unfulfilled promise","volume":"19","author":"Villanacci","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. 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