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Honorio-Fran\u00e7a","award":["312511\/2023-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312511\/2023-0"]}]},{"name":"EL Fran\u00e7a","award":["312841\/2023-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312841\/2023-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic impairment. This study investigated cytokine profiles associated with physical exercise and insulin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 51 volunteers to evaluate metabolic parameters and cytokine concentrations. According to glycemic status and insulin use, participants were classified into non-diabetic, non-insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus groups. Results: Physically active individuals with non-insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited increased IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, suggesting enhanced immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Physically active patients with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus showed elevated IL-17 concentrations. In contrast, sedentary individuals with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus exhibited higher TNF-\u03b1 levels, indicating a more pronounced proinflammatory profile. IFN-\u03b3 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, regardless of exercise status. Correlation analyses demonstrated distinct cytokinemetabolic interaction patterns according to metabolic condition and physical exercise. Conclusion: Cytokines can serve as molecular markers of immunometabolic responses associated with physical exercise and insulin therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, reflecting alterations in systemic inflammatory regulation and immune\u2013metabolic crosstalk related to glycemic adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48070674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T08:26:15Z","timestamp":1782807975000},"page":"674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytokine Profiles as Molecular Markers Associated with Physical Exercise and Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4921-4064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle Cristina Honorio","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78557-287, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan Cardec","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elton Brito","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78557-287, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anibal Monteiro","family":"de Magalh\u00e3es Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuelle Carolina Honorio","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maraisa Delmult","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Gelli Feres","family":"de Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0452-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adenilda Cristina","family":"Honorio-Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Luz\u00eda","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Gar\u00e7as 78600-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2017). 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