{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:03:41Z","timestamp":1784264621601,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents a major global health burden, encompassing a spectrum of hepatic abnormalities ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Laennec, a human placenta-derived hydrolysate, was evaluated for its therapeutic effects on alcohol-induced fatty liver in an experimental animal model. Methods: Animals were pretreated with alcohol for 2 weeks, followed by the co-administration of alcohol and Laennec for 4 weeks. The study included four groups: normal control, alcohol-only, and low- and high-dose Laennec-treated groups. Results: Alcohol administration significantly elevated the serum ALT levels (3.17-fold vs. control), indicating hepatocellular injury, whereas Laennec treatment reduced the ALT levels in a dose-dependent manner. The AST levels increased in the alcohol-only group, although the change was not statistically significant; however, the AST levels decreased in the low-dose Laennec-treated groups. The AST\/ALT ratio showed significantly dose-dependent recovery in the high-dose group. Laennec treatment attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, with the most pronounced effects observed in the high-dose group. Regarding alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, Laennec exhibited an inhibitory effect on alcohol-induced ADH activity, with no significant effect on ALDH. CYP2E1 activity was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner following Laennec administration. No significant changes were observed in the GPx activity. Additionally, high-dose Laennec significantly restored the catalase and STAT3 (Ser727) phosphorylation levels. Histopathological analysis (H&amp;E staining) demonstrated marked reductions in lipid droplet accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration in Laennec-treated groups compared to the alcohol-only group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Laennec exerts hepatoprotective effects against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis, as evidenced by improvements in biochemical markers, enzyme activity, and histological features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48070705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:14:25Z","timestamp":1783692865000},"page":"705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laennec Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Seop","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2590-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"So-Jung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5780-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hyun","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16907, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Taek","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16907, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Green Cross Wellbeing Corporation, Yongin 16907, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0606-987X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Functional Medicine, Green Cross I-MED Gangnam Center, Seoul 06655, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S112","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease: Natural history, management and novel targeted therapies","volume":"31","author":"Pose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2026, May 19). GC Green Cross Wellbeing. Drug Information for Laennec. Available online: https:\/\/www.greencrosswb.com\/en\/m\/product\/product_view.asp?pg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4837930","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4837930","article-title":"Placenta and placental derivatives in regenerative therapies: Experimental studies, history, and prospects","volume":"2018","author":"Pogozhykh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2005.48.10.1013","article-title":"Safety, efficacy and limitations of medical use of placental extract","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181405b74","article-title":"Effect of human placental extract on menopausal symptoms, fatigue, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged Korean women","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181b0bb67","article-title":"The effect of human placenta extract in a wound healing model","volume":"65","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojtunik-Kulesza, K., Nizi\u0144ski, P., Krajewska, A., Oniszczuk, T., Combrzy\u0144ski, M., and Oniszczuk, A. (2025). Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid in Liver Diseases. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30122596"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alimu, Y., Yamamoto, T., and Nakahata, Y. (2025). Biological effects of human placental extracts\u2014Variations in manufacturing methods and compositions. Front. Pharmacol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1707890"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Korea) (2024). Laennec Injection Product Approval Information."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2569","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic effects of human placental hydrolysate against hepatocyte toxicity in vivo and in vitro","volume":"42","author":"Bak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, I., Kang, C.-G., Lim, S.-J., Kim, H.-J., Kang, R., Jeon, S.-H., Lee, S.-H., Kim, J.-W., and Kang, J.-S. (2025). Human placenta hydrolysate protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13051219"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gande.2025.01.003","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease: A review","volume":"3","author":"Nagarjuna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(96)06434-0","article-title":"Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism","volume":"257","author":"Lieber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets","volume":"141","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21824","article-title":"Acetaldehyde and the genome: Beyond nuclear DNA adducts and carcinogenesis","volume":"55","author":"Brooks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.11","article-title":"Liver macrophages in tissue homeostasis and disease","volume":"17","author":"Krenkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(12)60005-1","article-title":"Management of alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"56","author":"Mathurin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/7\/705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T04:12:05Z","timestamp":1784261525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/7\/705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb48070705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb48070705","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}}}