{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:32:25Z","timestamp":1786537945796,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007686","name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-1-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-1-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023-1-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-1-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ctdh943","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Women with endometriosis experience chronic cyclic pelvic pain (CCPP) or chronic persistent pelvic pain (CPPP), both of which may be incapacitating even after treatment. Emotional dysregulation in endometriosis impedes patient recovery. This study evaluated the relationships among emotional state, pain perception, and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1) in women with endometriosis presenting with CCPP or CPPP. An exploratory, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative with repeated sampling study was conducted with 52 women diagnosed with endometriosis and experiencing either CPPP or CCPP. Participants completed a psychometric battery including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pain perception was assessed using the Wong\u2013Baker Pain Rating Scale (FACES). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, during stressor and recovery phases, and concentrations of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 were determined by ELISA. Fifty-two women with endometriosis were included (CPPP: n = 33; CCPP: n = 19). No significant between group differences were observed in emotional state (HADS: p = 0.682; BDI: p = 0.842), anxiety (STAI-State: p = 0.086; STAI-Trait: p = 0.615), general distress (GHQ-30: p = 0.730), or pain intensity (FACES: p = 0.705). The prevalence of depressive symptoms did not differ between groups (CPPP: 69.7% vs. CCPP: 73.7%; \u03c72 = 0.093, p = 0.760). Salivary cytokine levels (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1) were comparable between groups across all measurement conditions. Spearman correlations revealed uncorrected significance between TNF-\u03b1 and emotional distress: basal TNF-\u03b1 correlated inversely with HADS (\u03c1 = \u22120.292, p = 0.031) and BDI (\u03c1 = \u22120.278, p = 0.041); TNF-\u03b1 under stress correlated with HADS (\u03c1 = \u22120.329, p = 0.014) and GHQ-30 (\u03c1 = \u22120.271, p = 0.046); and TNF-\u03b1 during recovery correlated with GHQ-30 (\u03c1 = \u22120.363, p = 0.006). These findings indicate that CPPP and CCPP were not associated with statistically significant differences in emotional states or salivary cytokine profiles at the group level. Exploratory pos hoc analyses suggested that pain pattern may moderate the association between TNF-\u03b1 and psychological burden, particularly in the CCPP subgroup; however, these findings require confirmation in larger studies with prespecified analyses. Exploratory analyses suggested patterns between salivary inflammation and psychological burden; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small subgroup size, multiple comparisons, and lack of a matched healthy control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48080817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:02:11Z","timestamp":1786532531000},"page":"817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emotional State and Salivary Inflammatory Markers in Endometriosis Associated Pelvic Pain: A Pilot Study Comparing Chronic and Cyclic Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mario de Jes\u00fas","family":"Meing\u00fcer-Cuevas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n en Psicolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8680-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslava","family":"Avila-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Espejel-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Flores-Pliego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Camacho-Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Reproducci\u00f3n Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda-Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Romo-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Av. Insurgentes Sur 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1329-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahiri","family":"Mendoza-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Cruz-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ginecolog\u00eda Quir\u00fargica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ginecolog\u00eda Quir\u00fargica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Silvestri-Tomassoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ginecolog\u00eda Quir\u00fargica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda, Montes Urales 800, Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8968-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Villa-Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurofisiolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Av. 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