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Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucose transport across biological membranes in mammals depends primarily on two transporter families: the facilitative glucose transporters of the SLC2 family and the sodium-dependent cotransporters of the SLC5 family. Together, these proteins mediate tissue-specific glucose uptake, epithelial absorption and reabsorption, nutrient sensing, and adaptive responses to metabolic stress. This review summarizes current knowledge of transporter classification, structural mechanism, tissue distribution, intracellular trafficking, and disease associations, with emphasis on GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, SGLT1, and SGLT2. It also discusses less well-characterized members of the extended GLUT family, the therapeutic implications of SGLT inhibition, and unresolved questions regarding transporter specificity. Furthermore, the review integrates emerging evidence on CAR-T cell engineering, Alport syndrome, lupus nephritis, erythropoietic responses, and the reduction in dementia risk associated with transporter modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48090861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:04:30Z","timestamp":1787648670000},"page":"861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Glucose Transporters: Structure, Trafficking, Physiology, and Disease Relevance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6149-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cueto-Ure\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, E23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2950-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Martos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, E23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-203X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Exp\u00f3sito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Ja\u00e9n, E23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2858","article-title":"GLUT, SGLT, and SWEET: Structural and mechanistic investigations of the glucose transporters","volume":"25","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4656-5","article-title":"Physiology of renal glucose handling via SGLT1, SGLT2 and GLUT2","volume":"61","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.11.002","article-title":"Glucose transport families SLC5 and SLC50","volume":"34","author":"Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. 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