{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:28:55Z","timestamp":1788535735641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Province Academician and Expert Workstation","award":["202105AF150043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202105AF150043"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Chungtien schizothoracin (Ptychobarbus chungtienensis) is a threatened freshwater fish endemic to the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau and adjacent high-altitude regions of northwestern Yunnan, China. Although a complete mitochondrial genome of P. chungtienensis has been previously reported, direct comparison with a mitogenome generated using high-accuracy long-read sequencing can provide additional information on mitochondrial genome structure and sequence variation. This study aimed to assemble and annotate a complete mitogenome of P. chungtienensis using PacBio HiFi sequencing and to compare its mitogenomic characteristics with previously published Ptychobarbus mitogenomes. Methods: High-molecular-weight genomic DNA from a single specimen was sequenced using PacBio HiFi long-read technology. The mitochondrial genome was assembled using MitoHiFi, annotated using MitoFinder followed by manual curation, and compared with previously published Ptychobarbus mitogenomes. Phylogenetic relationships were evaluated using maximum-likelihood analysis with expanded taxon sampling, and selection pressure on the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes was assessed using dN\/dS-based branch and branch-site models. Results: The assembled mitogenome is 16,583 bp in length and contains the typical 37 mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, together with a control region and the origin of light-strand replication (OL). The overall A + T content was 54.97%. Direct comparison with the previously reported 16,970 bp mitogenome showed that the 387 bp length difference was concentrated in non-coding regions, particularly the control region and the tRNA-Thr\u2013tRNA-Pro intergenic region. Phylogenetic analysis based on 22 complete mitogenomes placed the newly assembled P. chungtienensis sequence in a strongly supported mitochondrial clade with Schizothorax macropogon (bootstrap = 100%), whereas the previously reported P. chungtienensis sequence clustered with P. kaznakovi (bootstrap = 100%), indicating that the two P. chungtienensis records represent distinct mitochondrial lineages. The dN\/dS values of all 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes were below 1, and neither branch nor branch\u2013site analyses detected significant evidence of lineage-specific positive selection. Conclusions: This long-read-based mitogenome provides a high-quality genomic resource for P. chungtienensis and reveals substantial mitochondrial sequence and lineage variation among available records. These results provide a basis for comparative mitogenomic and conservation genetic studies while also indicating that species-level phylogenetic relationships and high-altitude adaptation should not be inferred from mitochondrial data alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48090888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:33:32Z","timestamp":1788262412000},"page":"888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Chungtien Schizothoracin (Ptychobarbus chungtienensis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Science and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ruoshan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Science and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Shiguang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Science and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shangri-La 674499, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Science and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Science and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Science and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1080\/23802359.2016.1266916","article-title":"Complete mitochondrial genome of the Ptychobarbus chungtienensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)","volume":"1","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Part B"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"275","article-title":"What is the destiny of a threatened fish, Ptychobarbus chungtienensis, now that non-native weatherfishes have been introduced into Bita Lake, Shangri-La?","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zool. 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