{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:13:59Z","timestamp":1788344039892,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LiGNO Biotech Sdn Bhd"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Bantuan Khas Penyelidikan\u2014Kecemerlangan Penyelidikan 2023 Universiti Malaya, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BKP007-2023-KP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BKP007-2023-KP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["BKP007-2023-KP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BKP007-2023-KP"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rzspn62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Bantuan Khas Penyelidikan\u2014Early Career Researcher 2023 Universiti Malaya, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BKP008-2023-ECR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BKP008-2023-ECR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["BKP008-2023-ECR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BKP008-2023-ECR"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rzspn62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease that substantially affects quality of life. Despite available therapies, symptom control remains suboptimal owing to treatment burden. Cultivated sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (TM02\u00ae), known for its allergy-dampening bioactivities, is a promising adjunctive AR treatment. A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted in 108 AR patients, who received either TM02\u00ae or placebo for 30 days. Primary outcomes consisted of Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), reflective of past 12 h and 2 weeks (TNSS12hrs and TNSS2wks), and the Allergic Rhinitis Control Test (ARCT). The secondary endpoints were the peripheral immune biomarkers: IgE, IFN\u03b3, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Safety was assessed with adverse events (AEs) and full blood-counting analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) in the modified per-protocol (mPP). mPP analysis (N_TM02\u00ae = 25; N_placebo = 31) demonstrated significant treatment effectiveness of TM02\u00ae in total TNSS12hrs, total TNSS2wks, and ARCT (\u03b2 = \u22123.70, p-value &lt; 0.001; \u03b2 = \u22124.44, p-value &lt; 0.001; and \u03b2 = 3.89, p-value = 0.017, respectively). Secondary endpoint analysis did not reveal significant changes. However, a positive associative pattern (\u03b2 = 14.94; p-value = 0.003) was observed between TNSS2wks and IL-5 level changes. There were no significant differences in AE incidences and laboratory safety biomarkers between treatment arms. The present study revealed that TM02\u00ae reduced AR symptom severity with minimal adverse effects. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulation of IL-5 levels and allergic inflammation. Overall, TM02\u00ae is a potential adjunctive or complementary treatment option for AR with persistent symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48090898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1788339361000},"page":"898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Efficacy of TM02\u00ae in Allergic Rhinitis: Significant Symptom Alleviation Associated with IL-5 Downregulation and Reduced Allergic Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Hao-Dong","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4817-2798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sien-Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3255-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boon-Hong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chee-Kuan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3615-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Revadi","family":"Govindaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengku Ahmad Shahrizal","family":"Tengku Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9288-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Yee","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2018.10.4.370","article-title":"Economic Burden of the Inadequate Management of Allergic Rhinitis and Urticaria in Asian Countries Based on the GA2 LEN Model","volume":"10","author":"Kulthanan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2018.8.e7","article-title":"The International Study of the Allergic Rhinitis Survey: Outcomes from 4 Geographical Regions","volume":"8","author":"Passali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1412282","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"372","author":"Wheatley","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e64410","article-title":"Unraveling the Molecular Threads: A Comprehensive Review of the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Insights Into Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, B., Li, J., Liu, R., Zhu, L., and Peng, C. (2022). The Role of Crosstalk of Immune Cells in Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.879754"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-024-00923-6","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"20","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12392","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12392","article-title":"High-risks Drug Adverse Events Associated with Cetirizine and Loratadine for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases: A Retrospective Pharmacovigilance Study Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database","volume":"14","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-022-00301-x","article-title":"Adverse Drug Reactions of Intranasal Corticosteroids in the Netherlands: An Analysis from the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Center","volume":"9","author":"Rollema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs Real. World Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S70411","article-title":"A Review of Clinical Efficacy, Safety, New Developments and Adherence to Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Caused by Allergy to Ragweed Pollen (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)","volume":"11","author":"Turkalj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S526348","article-title":"Patient Expectations in Allergic Rhinitis Treatment: A Mixed-Methods Study","volume":"19","year":"2025","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"111","article-title":"The Bioactivity of Tiger Milk Mushroom: Malaysia\u2019s Prized Medicinal Mushroom","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Fung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicinal Plants and Fungi: Recent Advances in Research and Development"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2008.09.044","article-title":"Utilization of Macrofungi by Some Indigenous Communities for Food and Medicine in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"257","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.02.027","article-title":"Preclinical Toxicological Evaluations of the Sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk Mushroom","volume":"147","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.09.004","article-title":"Evaluation of the Sub-Acute Toxicity of the Sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk Mushroom","volume":"138","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.-S., Tan, N.-H., Fung, S.-Y., Sim, S.-M., Tan, C.-S., and Ng, S.-T. (2014). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden, the Tiger Milk Mushroom. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-359"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1615\/IntJMedMushrooms.2020035658","article-title":"The Immunomodulating Properties of Tiger Milk Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerus TM02\u00ae Cultivar (Agaricomycetes) and Its Associated Carbohydrate Composition","volume":"22","author":"Sum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Mushrooms"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115957","article-title":"In Vivo Anti-Tumor Activity of Lignosus rhinocerus TM02\u00ae Using a MCF7-Xenograft NCr Nude Mice Model","volume":"304","author":"Ng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"100405","article-title":"Polyporaceae Lignosus rhinocerus TM02\u00ae Cultivar as Complementary Therapy for Respiratory Health: A Preliminary Investigation of Asthma","volume":"9","author":"Poh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2024, February 05). WMA Declaration of Helsinki\u2014Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Available online: https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) Ministry of Health Malaysia (2024, February 05). Malaysian Guideline for Good Clinical Practice 4th Edition, Available online: www.npra.gov.my."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap, Y.H.-Y., Chooi, Y.-H., Firdaus-Raih, M., Fung, S.-Y., Ng, S.-T., Tan, C.-S., and Tan, N.-H. (2014). The Genome of the Tiger Milk Mushroom, Lignosus Rhinocerotis, Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of Its Medicinal Properties. BMC Genom., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-635"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.190604","article-title":"Combined Effects of Lignosus Rhinocerotis Supplementation and Resistance Training on Isokinetic Muscular Strength and Power, Anaerobic and Aerobic Fitness Level, and Immune Parameters in Young Males","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2024, February 06). Allergic Rhinitis: Developing Drug Products for Treatment Guidance for Industry, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/default.htm."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152656720988565","DOI":"10.1177\/2152656720988565","article-title":"Evaluation of In-Office Cryoablation of Posterior Nasal Nerves for the Treatment of Rhinitis","volume":"12","author":"Luk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03734.x","article-title":"Validation of a Self-questionnaire for Assessing the Control of Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"41","author":"Demoly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biancotto, A., Wank, A., Perl, S., Cook, W., Olnes, M.J., Dagur, P.K., Fuchs, J.C., Langweiler, M., Wang, E., and McCoy, J.P. (2013). Baseline Levels and Temporal Stability of 27 Multiplexed Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Subjects. PLoS ONE, 8, Erratum in PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0132870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132870.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132870"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8569","article-title":"Sensitivity Analysis for Clinical Trials with Missing Continuous Outcome Data Using Controlled Multiple Imputation: A Practical Guide","volume":"39","author":"Cro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin, D.B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys, John Wiley & Sons Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1869","article-title":"Power Analyses for Longitudinal Trials and Other Clustered Designs","volume":"23","author":"Tu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100764","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100764","article-title":"Post-hoc Power Analysis: A Conceptually Valid Approach for Power Based on Observed Study Data","volume":"35","author":"Quach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"40","article-title":"Placebo Effect in Clinical Trials Involving Patients with Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"21","author":"Sastre","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh299","article-title":"Regression to the Mean: What It Is and How to Deal with It","volume":"34","author":"Barnett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-04196-0","article-title":"Nasal and Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels in Symptomatic Allergic Rhinitis Patients: A Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"76","author":"Guthikonda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/prcm.prcm_12_16","article-title":"The Correlation of Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Atopy, and Severity of Allergic Rhinitis in Taiwanese Children with Moderate Persistent Asthma","volume":"1","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Respirol. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2024, October 06). Adjusting for Covariates in Randomized Clinical Trials for Drugs and Biological Products Guidance for Industry, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/adjusting-covariates-randomized-clinical-trials-drugs-and-biological-products."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894251344426","article-title":"Omalizumab Efficacy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Recurrent Nasal Polyps: An Open-Label, Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Study","volume":"134","author":"Noeiaghdam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01261-2","article-title":"Type 2 Immunity in Allergic Diseases","volume":"22","author":"Ogulur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13444","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13444","article-title":"IL-4\/IL-13 Axis as Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"9131432","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and Its Relationship with IL-10, IL-17, TGF-\u03b2, IFN-\u03b3, IL 22, and IL-35","volume":"2018","author":"Aksun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.108430","article-title":"Mechanism of Topical Glucocorticoid Treatment of Hay Fever: IL-5 and Eosinophil Activation during Natural Allergen Exposure Are Suppressed, but IL-4, IL-6, and IgE Antibody Production Are Unaffected","volume":"106","author":"Kita","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13451","article-title":"Immunological and Hematological Effects of IL-5(R\u03b1)-targeted Therapy: An Overview","volume":"73","author":"Hassani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.018","article-title":"Host and Environmental Factors Influencing Individual Human Cytokine Responses","volume":"167","author":"Jaeger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.11.025","article-title":"Cytokine Testing and Challenges for Diagnostic and Clinical Monitoring Use","volume":"155","author":"Knight","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175557","article-title":"Evolving Interplay between Natural Products and Gut Microbiota","volume":"949","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.011","article-title":"Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Microflora on Drug Metabolism in Clinical Practice","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Oral Bioavailability and First-Pass Effects","volume":"25","author":"Kwan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-015-0092-5","article-title":"Differential Systemic Exposure to Galangin after Oral and Intravenous Administration to Rats","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3123","article-title":"Control of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System","volume":"16","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.2013.4.411","article-title":"Immunotoxicology: Challenges in the 21st Century and in Vitro Opportunities","volume":"30","author":"Hartung","year":"2013","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2024.106870","article-title":"The Th1\/Th2 Paradigm: A Misrepresentation of Helper T Cell Plasticity","volume":"268","author":"Rogozynski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2026.2670715","article-title":"Paucity of Type 2 Cytokines and Atypical IL-5 Receptor Alpha Patterns during Established Eosinophilic Inflammation in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"146","author":"Sakellariou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-026-01271-8","article-title":"Beyond Triple Therapy: Anti-Type 2 Biologic Therapies for Eosinophilic COPD and Respiratory Comorbidities\u2014A Review of Clinical Evidence","volume":"26","author":"Mari","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2026.109766","article-title":"Immunomodulatory potential of Lignosus rhinocerus TM02\u00ae: Bioactive components and mechanistic perspectives","volume":"84","author":"Rajakumar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Biosci."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/9\/898\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:20:23Z","timestamp":1788340823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/9\/898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb48090898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb48090898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}}}