{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:06:42Z","timestamp":1789103202521,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ph.D Research Startup Foundation of Xinyang Normal University","award":["32387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32387"]}]},{"award":["32387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32387"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190x2a66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Guided Project) for Young Scholars","award":["252300420731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300420731"]}]},{"name":"Xinyang Normal University 2023 Annual Major Pre-research Project in Natural Sciences","award":["32422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32422"]}]},{"award":["32422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32422"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190x2a66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sulfur metabolism and stress responses are fundamental to plant growth and seed development. ETHE1 encodes a mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase that plays important roles in these processes; however, its function in Jatropha curcas remains unknown. In this study, we report the cloning and in silico characterization of a putative JcETHE1 gene from J. curcas. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that JcETHE1 has an open reading frame of 726 bp encoding a 241-amino-acid protein, which is predicted to localize in mitochondria and possesses a typical sulfur dioxygenase conserved domain. Because the transcript ends were not experimentally confirmed and the predicted protein is shorter than related plant homologues, the possibility that the cloned sequence is partial cannot be excluded. Phylogenetic analysis showed that JcETHE1 clusters within the Euphorbiaceae clade, showing high similarity to ETHE1 from Manihot esculenta and Hevea brasiliensis. In silico promoter analysis suggested that, in addition to core elements, the JcETHE1 promoter contains multiple putative regulatory elements associated with light response, hormone responses (ABA, ethylene, gibberellin), floral development (CArG-box, AAGAA-motif), stress responses, and endosperm development. These findings provide a molecular basis for future functional studies of JcETHE1 and suggest that it may serve as a potential candidate gene for further investigation into reproductive development and stress responses in J. curcas. However, these hypotheses require experimental validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48090919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:51:48Z","timestamp":1788871908000},"page":"919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Cloning, In Silico Characterization, and Promoter Analysis of a Putative ETHE1 Gene from Jatropha curcas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-Li","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University (XYNU), Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Jin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University (XYNU), Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6175-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University (XYNU), Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Khayri, J.M., Sudheer, W.N., Preetha, T.R., Nagella, P., Rezk, A.A., and Shehata, W.F. (2022). Biotechnological research progress in Jatropha, a biodiesel-yielding plant. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11101292"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35861","article-title":"Metabolite comparative variation related lipid metabolisms among fruit, leaf, and stem of Jatropha curcas","volume":"10","author":"Fendiyanto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2024.101870","article-title":"Jatropha curcas seed oil for possible human consumption: A toxicological assessment of its phorbol esters","volume":"14","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-023-03034-5","article-title":"Identification and promoter analysis of a GA-responsive gene in Jatropha curcas","volume":"42","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-023-04244-7","article-title":"JCSEUSS1 negatively regulates reproductive organ development in perennial woody Jatropha curcas","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.116717","article-title":"Parental selection and the diversity of the F1 Jatropha curcas genotypes: Seed quality and phytochemistry","volume":"198","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"The research progress on stress resistance of energy plant Jatropha curcas L.","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12147","article-title":"Expression of abiotic stress inducible ETHE1-like protein from rice is higher in roots and is regulated by calcium","volume":"152","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"82","article-title":"Advances of sulfur dioxygenase\u2014A key enzyme in the mitochondrial sulfide oxidation","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jining Med. Univ."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2141","article-title":"Cloning and expression analysis of sulfur dioxygenase gene VvETHE1 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera)","volume":"28","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1086\/381653","article-title":"Ethylmalonic encephalopathy is caused by mutations in ETHE1, a gene encoding a mitochondrial matrix protein","volume":"74","author":"Tiranti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.201855","article-title":"Arabidopsis ETHE1 encodes a sulfur dioxygenase that is essential for embryo and endosperm development","volume":"160","author":"Holdorf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.239764","article-title":"The mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN1 is required for amino acid catabolism during carbohydrate starvation and embryo development in Arabidopsis","volume":"165","author":"Junemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorenz, C., Brandt, S., Borisjuk, L., Rolletschek, H., Heinzel, N., Tohge, T., Fernie, A.R., Braun, H.-P., and Hildebrandt, T.M. (2018). The role of persulfide metabolism during Arabidopsis seed development under light and dark conditions. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01381"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e973820","DOI":"10.4161\/15592324.2014.973820","article-title":"Stress response of OsETHE1 is altered in response to light and dark conditions","volume":"9","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-2082-0","article-title":"Exploitation of Hi-C sequencing for improvement of genome assembly and in-vitro validation of differentially expressing genes in Jatropha curcas L.","volume":"10","author":"Jalali","year":"2020","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D211","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn785","article-title":"InterPro: The integrative protein signature database","volume":"37","author":"Hunter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, J.M. (2005). Protein identification and analysis tools on the ExPASy server. The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1385\/1592598900"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou, K.C., and Shen, H.B. (2010). Plant-mPLoc: A top-down strategy to augment the power for predicting plant protein subcellular localization. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011335"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/11.6.681","article-title":"SOPMA: Significant improvements in protein secondary structure prediction by consensus prediction from multiple alignments","volume":"11","author":"Geourjon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.053","article-title":"The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kelley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2025.168960","article-title":"Phyre2.2: A community resource for template-based protein structure prediction","volume":"437","author":"Powell","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W39","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv416","article-title":"The MEME suite","volume":"43","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.1.48","article-title":"Combining evidence using p-values: Application to sequence homology searches","volume":"14","author":"Bailey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.325","article-title":"PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences","volume":"30","author":"Lescot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1569","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad945","article-title":"PlantPAN 4.0: Updated database for identifying conserved non-coding sequences and exploring dynamic transcriptional regulation in plant promoters","volume":"52","author":"Chow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1090","article-title":"The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR): Improved gene annotation and new tools","volume":"40","author":"Lamesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34630-w","article-title":"Muscle5: High-accuracy alignment ensembles enable unbiased assessments of sequence homology and phylogeny","volume":"13","author":"Edgar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst024","article-title":"Ultrafast approximation for phylogenetic bootstrap","volume":"30","author":"Minh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3163","article-title":"Metazoan promoters: Emerging characteristics and insights into transcriptional regulation","volume":"13","author":"Lenhard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2009.07.016","article-title":"cis-Regulatory elements in plant cell signaling","volume":"12","author":"Priest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"109","article-title":"Identification and validation of promoters and cis-acting regulatory elements","volume":"217\u2013218","author":"Finer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16545-5","article-title":"Transcriptome profile analysis reveals the regulation mechanism of floral sex differentiation in Jatropha curcas L.","volume":"7","author":"Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2014.11.027","article-title":"Sulfide detoxification in plant mitochondria","volume":"555","author":"Birke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12454","article-title":"Dealing with the sulfur part of cysteine: Four enzymatic steps degrade l-cysteine to pyruvate and thiosulfate in Arabidopsis mitochondria","volume":"157","author":"Lorenz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"251","article-title":"A novel cis-acting element in an Arabidopsis gene is involved in responsiveness to drought, low-temperature, or high-salt stress","volume":"6","author":"Shinozaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2003.01708.x","article-title":"Interaction between two cis-acting elements, ABRE and DRE, in ABA-dependent expression of Arabidopsis rd29A gene in response to dehydration and high-salinity stresses","volume":"34","author":"Narusaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00e4ppel, S., R\u00fcmpler, F., and Thei\u00dfen, G. (2023). Cracking the floral quartet code: How do multimers of MIKC^C-type MADS-domain transcription factors recognize their target genes?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.15.532791"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.9.1647","article-title":"The CArG boxes in the promoter of the Arabidopsis floral organ identity gene APETALA3 mediate diverse regulatory effects","volume":"125","author":"Tilly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1998.00299.x","article-title":"Gibberellins: Regulating genes and germination","volume":"140","author":"Ritchie","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"746","article-title":"The research progress of gibberellin on the regulation of flowering and floral organ development in plant","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2005.06.012","article-title":"Expression of a mutated melon ethylene receptor gene Cm-ETR1\/H69A affects stamen development in Nicotiana tabacum","volume":"169","author":"Takada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70037","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.70037","article-title":"GOLEM: A tool for visualizing the distribution of Gene regulatOry eLEMents within the plant promoters with a focus on male gametophyte","volume":"121","author":"Rudolf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant J."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/9\/919\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:27:58Z","timestamp":1789100878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/9\/919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb48090919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb48090919","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}