{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:04:27Z","timestamp":1789578267385,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress and disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis contributes to dopaminergic neuronal damage in Parkinson\u2019s disease. In this study, the protective effects of Ginkgolide B (GKB) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage were investigated, with particular attention to oxidant-evoked intracellular Ca2+ signalling. Cells were pre-treated with GKB (20 \u00b5g\/mL) for 2 h, followed by exposure to 6-OHDA (200 \u00b5M) for 24 h. CCK-8-derived metabolic activity, oxidative stress, cell death, PARP-1, caspase-3, and intracellular Ca2+ responses were evaluated using biochemical and fluorescence methods. 6-OHDA decreased CCK-8-derived metabolic activity, GSH, and SOD levels, while increasing MDA, intracellular oxidant-sensitive fluorescence, PI-positive cell ratio, and total PARP-1 and caspase-3 levels. GKB pretreatment significantly attenuated these changes and partially improved cellular redox balance. Furthermore, while 6-OHDA enhanced the H2O2-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ response, GKB reduced this increase. ACA attenuated the H2O2-evoked Ca2+ signal, indicating the involvement of an ACA-sensitive Ca2+-entry component. However, because ACA is not selective for TRPM2, these pharmacological findings cannot establish a TRPM2-dependent mechanism. The findings demonstrate that GKB reduces 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage by supporting antioxidant defence, limiting cell death, and attenuating the enhanced oxidant-stimulated Ca2+ response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48090945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ginkgolide B Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cellular Damage and Modulates Oxidant-Evoked Ca2+ Signalling in SH-SY5Y Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3637-7849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramazan","family":"\u00c7\u0131nar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Bitlis Eren University, 13100 Bitlis, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"G\u00f6ztepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adem","family":"Ahlatc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenan","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080 Van, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-01974-7","article-title":"Glutathione depletion and parkinsonian neurotoxin MPP+-induced TRPM2 channel activation play central roles in oxidative cytotoxicity and inflammation in microglia","volume":"57","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. 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