{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:11:50Z","timestamp":1790100710097,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangzhou AOGU Cosmetics Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Issues Mol. Biol.","CIMB"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychological stress activates the local hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA)-like axis in hair follicles, leading to cortisol overproduction and dysfunction of dermal papilla cells (DPCs). However, effective natural ingredients targeting this mechanism remain scarce. To investigate whether Camellia nitidissima flower extract (CNF) alleviates stress-induced DPC dysfunction by inhibiting 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(11\u03b2-HSD1) and modulating the downstream signaling pathways. The phytochemical composition of CNF was characterized using HPLC-DAD. An in vitro stress-induced injury model was established in human DPCs using corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Cortisol levels as well as the secretion levels of hair growth factors were measured by ELISA. The expression of 11\u03b2-HSD1 was assessed via immunofluorescence. Oxidative stress was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (Annexin V-FITC\/PI). Protein expression of the TGF-\u03b22\/Smad pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins was detected by western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki67 immunofluorescence and cell cycle analysis. The mRNA expression of Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway components was quantified by Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Ten bioactive constituents, predominantly the polyphenolic compounds rutin and quercetin-7-O-\u03b2-D-glucoside, were identified in CNF. Mechanistically, CNF disrupted the local \u201cstress-cortisol\u201d amplification loop by first reducing CRF-induced cortisol secretion and downregulating 11\u03b2-HSD1 expression in DPCs. This upstream intervention subsequently attenuated oxidative stress and inhibited CRF-induced apoptosis via suppression of the TGF-\u03b22\/Smad2\/3 pathway, while concurrently restoring proliferative capacity through reactivation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling axis. These coordinated molecular events ultimately reinstated the secretion of key hair growth factors, including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), thereby mitigating DPC dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb48090954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:14:59Z","timestamp":1790097299000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Camellia nitidissima Flower Extract Alleviates Dermal Papilla Cell Dysfunction by Regulating 11\u03b2-HSD1 and the TGF-\u03b22\/Smad and Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Timson","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolph Innovation Laboratory, Guangzhou AOGU Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhizhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolph Innovation Laboratory, Guangzhou AOGU Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolph Innovation Laboratory, Guangzhou AOGU Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adolph Innovation Laboratory, Guangzhou AOGU Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510520, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, J.H., Yi, C., Chung, E.H., Jeong, J.S., Kim, J.H., Boo, S.Y., Lee, S.H., Ko, J.W., Kim, T.W., and Kim, Y.H. (2025). Hair growth and health promoting effects of standardized Ageratum conyzoides extract in human follicle dermal papilla cells and in C57BL\/6 mice. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17162617"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67437","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67437","article-title":"Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress","volume":"10","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75334-9","article-title":"Stress-sensing in the human greying hair follicle: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) depletion in hair bulb melanocytes in canities-prone scalp","volume":"10","author":"Sikkink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kesika, P., Sivamaruthi, B.S., Thangaleela, S., Bharathi, M., and Chaiyasut, C. (2023). Role and mechanisms of phytochemicals in hair growth and health. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020206"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.13070","article-title":"Development of the hair & scalp CARE questionnaire: Measuring the impact of hair and scalp issues on psychological wellbeing in healthy populations","volume":"47","author":"Hirst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00441-y","article-title":"Functional hair follicle regeneration: An updated review","volume":"6","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2311.11047","article-title":"Phloroglucinol enhances anagen signaling and alleviates H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human dermal papilla cells","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuen, G.K.W., Ho, B.S.Y., Lin, L.S.Y., Dong, T.T.X., and Tsim, K.W.K. (2022). Tectoridin stimulates the activity of human dermal papilla cells and promotes hair shaft elongation in mouse vibrissae hair follicle culture. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020400"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgieva, P., Peneva, P., and Gvozdeva, Y. (2026). Can plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds \u201creplace\u201d indomethacin in NSAID therapy? Advances in drug delivery systems of indomethacin and off-label medical applications. Appl. Biosci., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/applbiosci5030075"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123969","article-title":"HDAC1-overexpressing dermal papilla cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate p53 and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling to rescue hair follicle regeneration in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"329","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.387","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the in situ generation of mast cells from precursors in the human hair follicle mesenchyme","volume":"130","author":"Ito","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, E.Y., Nam, Y.J., Kang, S., Choi, E.J., Han, I., Kim, J., Kim, D.H., An, J.H., Lee, S., and Lee, M.H. (2020). The local hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells. BMC Mol. Cell Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-020-00287-w"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109675","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum extract attenuates corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced cellular senescence in human hair follicle cells","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"jeb209346","article-title":"Tissue specific expression of 11\u03b2-HSD and its effects on plasma corticosterone during the stress response","volume":"223","author":"Swanson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.6.1204","article-title":"11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition Attenuates the Adverse Effects of Glucocorticoids on Dermal Papilla Cells","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-026-03086-6","article-title":"Aging of hair follicle stem cells and their niche: Mechanisms and regenerative therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18486","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18486","article-title":"Oxidative stress in hair follicle development and hair growth: Signalling pathways, intervening mechanisms and potential of natural antioxidants","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70460","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202403343R","article-title":"Intensive stress impedes hair follicle growth through triggering cell cycle arrest of hair follicle stem cells","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1159\/000530681","article-title":"Cellular senescence: Ageing and androgenetic alopecia","volume":"239","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2022.2152012","article-title":"A new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin with \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Camellia nitidissima","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2011-7-806","article-title":"Pharmacological activity of (R)-(+)-pulegone, a chemical constituent of essential oils","volume":"66","author":"Sousa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung C"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S., and Lee, J. (2021). Modulation of Hair Growth Promoting Effect by Natural Products. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122163"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, C.N., Tang, G.Y., Liu, Q., Xu, X.Y., Cao, S.Y., Gan, R.Y., Zhang, K.Y., Meng, S.L., and Li, H.B. (2018). Five-golden-flowers tea: Green extraction and hepatoprotective effect against oxidative damage. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092216"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1960326","article-title":"Flavonoids and other phenolics from Camellia nitidissima chi flowers","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70384-3","article-title":"Growth factors in hair organ development and the hair growth cycle","volume":"14","author":"Peus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03782-1","article-title":"A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-8 protects against erastin-induced neuronal ferroptosis via activating Nrf2\/HO-1\/FTH1 signaling pathway","volume":"61","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S501823","article-title":"Jiawei Erzhiwan ameliorates androgenetic alopecia by regulating the SIRT1\/JNK\/p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.09032","article-title":"Potential involvement of the stem cell factor receptor c-kit in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia: Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and semiquantitative investigations","volume":"43","author":"Ashrafuzzaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-02977-3","article-title":"Hair growth\u2013promoting effects of Enz_MoriL on human dermal papilla cells through modulation of the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and JAK-STAT signaling pathways","volume":"316","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploration of Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, green tea, and Pueraria mirifica extracts in modulating stem cell-like properties for hair rejuvenation through \u03b2-catenin stabilization and activation of the Akt signaling cascade in human dermal papilla cells","volume":"20","author":"Ei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2023.030093","article-title":"Flavonoids in safflower extract reduce cisplatin-induced damage to human follicle dermal papilla cells by inhibiting DNA damage and Rad17\/Chk1\/Cdc25C signaling","volume":"47","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, H., Li, W., Weng, Z., Huang, Z., Liu, J., Mao, Q., and Ding, B. (2023). Water extract of Cacumen Platycladi promotes hair growth through the Akt\/GSK3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. Front. Pharmacol., 14, Correction in Front. Pharmacol. 2023, 14, 1200103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1200103.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1038039"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03417-2","article-title":"Corticosterone inhibits GAS6 to govern hair follicle stem-cell quiescence","volume":"592","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.3.902-915.2001","article-title":"Gas6 induces growth, \u03b2-catenin stabilization, and T-cell factor transcriptional activation in contact-inhibited C57 mammary cells","volume":"21","author":"Goruppi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.01.016","article-title":"\u03b2-Catenin activity in the dermal papilla regulates morphogenesis and regeneration of hair","volume":"18","author":"Lindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12489","article-title":"Review of hair follicle dermal papilla cells as in vitro screening model for hair growth","volume":"40","author":"Madaan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16967","article-title":"Role of corticosteroids in skin physiology and therapeutic potential of an 11\u03b2-HSD1 inhibitor: A review","volume":"63","author":"Hall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Million, M., Rivier, J., Rivier, C., Craft, N., Stenzel-Poore, M.P., and Tach\u00e9, Y. (2011). CRF receptor antagonist astressin-B reverses and prevents alopecia in CRF over-expressing mice. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016377"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, A., Fang, Y., Ye, L., Meng, J., Wang, X., Chen, J., and Xu, X. (2023). Signaling pathways in hair aging. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1278278"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20000","article-title":"Retinoic acid drives hair follicle stem cell activation via Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling in androgenetic alopecia","volume":"39","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi7342","article-title":"Vitamin A resolves lineage plasticity to orchestrate stem cell lineage choices","volume":"383","author":"Tierney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10756","article-title":"Gas6\/Axl signaling pathway promotes proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibits apoptosis in A549 cells","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, W.J., Qiu, W.Y., Percec, I., and Chang, T.M. (2025). Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in hair regeneration: Mechanistic pathways and therapeutic potential. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 47.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47090773"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5018","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14955","article-title":"Hair Growth-promoting Effects of Camellia Seed Cake Extract in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., He, C., and Tian, R. (2025). Screening of anti-hair loss plant raw materials based on reverse network pharmacology and experimental validation. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 47.","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb47010068"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.11.009","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Female Scalp Dermal Sheath and Dermal Fibroblasts: How the Hair Follicle Environment Impacts Hair Aging","volume":"141","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/9\/954\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:56:17Z","timestamp":1790099777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1467-3045\/48\/9\/954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["cimb48090954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cimb48090954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-3045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-3045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}