{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:55:52Z","timestamp":1768096552799,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant Agency of the Slovak University of Agriculture","award":["10-GA-SPU-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-GA-SPU-2024"]}]},{"name":"Grant Agency of the Slovak University of Agriculture","award":["09I03-03-V05-00018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09I03-03-V05-00018"]}]},{"name":"Slovakia\u2019s recovery and resilience plan","award":["10-GA-SPU-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-GA-SPU-2024"]}]},{"name":"Slovakia\u2019s recovery and resilience plan","award":["09I03-03-V05-00018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09I03-03-V05-00018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Climate"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland, focusing on temperature sums influencing the growing season. Using meteorological data from 2001 to 2020, the research analyses the onset and termination of temperatures \u22655 \u00b0C (growing season). Temperature sums for two periods (2001\u20132010, 2011\u20132020) were calculated and future temperature projections under three scenarios (+1.5 \u00b0C, +2.6 \u00b0C, +3.6 \u00b0C) were developed. Results indicate regional variation in temperature sums, with 69% of the area falling in the 2900\u20133100 \u00b0C range, and Poland showing the highest percentage (81%). In the second decade of the 21st century, temperature sums shifted to the 3100\u20133300 \u00b0C range, affecting 63% of the region. The projections indicate a substantial increase in temperature sums, with the most optimistic scenario (+1.5 \u00b0C) leading to the dominance of the 3700\u20133900 \u00b0C range. The warmest areas (West Pannonian Basin), show a temperature sum of 4900\u20135100 \u00b0C. The comparison of predicted and observed temperature sums for 2011\u20132020 shows a minimal error (\u00b13% in Slovakia and \u00b14% in Poland and the Czech Republic), confirming the projections. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive strategies in agriculture, particularly fruit farming, to mitigate the climate change effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cli13030049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T06:45:42Z","timestamp":1740725142000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From Optimism to Risk: The Impact of Climate Change on Temperature Sums in Central Europe"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Min\u00e1rik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-2958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladim\u00edr","family":"Ki\u0161\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Regional and Local Development, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9928-1468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ziernicka-Wojtaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Climatology and Air Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Al. Mickiewicza 24\/28, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pr\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Regional and Local Development, Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"\u010cimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6875-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katar\u00edna","family":"Mikulov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Jes\u00e9niova 17, 833 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NOAA (2024, November 04). Climate Change Impacts, Available online: https:\/\/www.noaa.gov\/education\/resource-collections\/climate\/climate-change-impacts."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Copernicus (2024, November 04). New Record Daily Global Average Temperature Reached in July 2024. 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