{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:06:46Z","timestamp":1792195606375,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior \u2013 Brasil (CAPES)","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) The aim of the present study was to describe the endoscopic and histopathological findings in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included patients receiving treatment from the inflammatory bowel disease outpatient clinic. Esophagogastroduodenoscopies with biopsies of the stomach and proximal duodenum were performed. Presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria was assessed by Giemsa staining. (3) Results: We included 58 patients. Erosive esophagitis was identified in 25 patients (43.1%), gastritis was diagnosed in 32 patients (55.2%) and erosive duodenitis was found in eight (13.8%). The most frequent histopathological finding in the H. pylori-positive group was increased inflammatory activity in the gastric body and antrum, with a predominance of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. In turn, the most frequent finding in the H. pylori-negative group was chronic inflammation with predominance of mononuclear cells. Focally enhanced gastritis was identified in four patients (6.9%), all of whom were negative for H. pylori. Granulomas were not observed. H. pylori infection was present in 19 patients (32.8%). (4) Conclusions: Nonspecific endoscopic and histological findings were frequent in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease. Focally enhanced gastritis was uncommon and observed only in H. pylori-negative patients. The time from the diagnosis, patient age, and therapy in use may have influenced the nondetection of epithelioid granuloma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract11020052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T11:00:33Z","timestamp":1623754833000},"page":"374-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endoscopic and Histopathological Findings of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease from a Reference Center in Bahia, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Maia","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Health Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Ant\u00f4nio Rodrigues de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Laboratory, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute Fiocruz Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Reis","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador 45675-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Neri de Novais","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador 41195-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00edla Damasceno","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, Centro Universit\u00e1rio UniFTC, Salvador 41741-590, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Nascimento","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador 41195-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Cordeiro","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador 41195-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora Maria Lorenzo","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador 45675-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia Rejane Marques","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador 45675-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaciane Ara\u00fajo Mota","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador 45675-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neog\u00e9lia Pereira","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador 45675-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdiana Cristina","family":"Surlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador 45675-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2687-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 41195-00, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Castro","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Health Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genoile Oliveira","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Health Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40026-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador 41195-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.11.12.1001","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s Disease of the Stomach and Duodenum","volume":"11","author":"Fielding","year":"1970","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.2.115","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s Disease of the Duodenum","volume":"18","author":"Nugent","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70276-0","article-title":"Crohn\u2019s Disease of the Foregut","volume":"81","author":"Reynolds","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg. 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