{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T02:48:35Z","timestamp":1761965315136,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 71-year-old man visited our hospital with dyspnea and left pleural effusion. Left pleural effusion was diagnosed as chylothorax by thoracentesis. He had no history of trauma or surgery, and there were no findings of malignant lymphoma or thrombosis. Furthermore, he was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by computed tomography and hematological examinations, and the chylothorax was considered to be caused by liver cirrhosis. We report a review of the literature with this case since it is relatively rare for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed from chylothorax.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract11030073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1630933765000},"page":"582-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosed from Chylothorax: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kenta","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8341-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Hachisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiko","family":"Shibasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Ezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Iwashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9149-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asuka","family":"Jingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Horie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Takise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, 389-1, Asakura-Machi, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200007000-00006","article-title":"Nontraumatic chylothorax","volume":"6","author":"Romero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.4065\/80.7.867","article-title":"Etiology of chylothorax in 203 patients","volume":"80","author":"Doerr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1177\/030089161309900324","article-title":"Chylothorax in a patient with Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"99","author":"Janjetovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tumori J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2015.09.022","article-title":"Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for the Treatment of Chylothorax and Chylous Ascites in Cirrhosis: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"27","author":"Tsauo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000025","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax: Clinical features, management, and outcomes in 77 patients and review of the literature","volume":"93","author":"Badillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-004-2531-2","article-title":"Transudative chylothorax: Report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"183","author":"Culver","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000106391.63463.4C","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation as treatment for refractory chylous ascites and chylothorax in a patient with cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Kinney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. 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BMC Gastroenterol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0297-z"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.1.154","article-title":"Chylothorax in cirrhosis of the liver: Analysis of its frequency and clinical characteristics","volume":"114","author":"Romero","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/11\/3\/73\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:55:36Z","timestamp":1760165736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/11\/3\/73"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["clinpract11030073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract11030073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2039-7283"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]}}}