{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:10:39Z","timestamp":1793049039402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Magnesium deficiency is usually associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals living with T2DM with hypomagnesemia show a more rapid disease progression and have an increased risk for diabetes complications. (2) Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study in the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis in Tunisia, including all adult outpatients (\u226518 years old) with a diagnosis of T2DM from 1 September 2018 to 31 August 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of plasmatic magnesium deficiency in a Tunisian population of T2DM and to study the relationship between magnesium status and intake, glycemic control and long-term diabetes-related complications. (3) Results: Among the 101 T2DM outpatients, 13 (12.9%) presented with a plasmatic magnesium deficiency. The mean age was 56 \u00b1 7.9 years with a female predominance (62%, n = 63). The mean of the plasmatic magnesium level was 0.79 \u00b1 0.11 mmol\/L (0.5\u20131.1), and the mean of 24 h urinary magnesium excretion was 87.8 \u00b1 53.8 mg\/24 h [4.8\u2013486.2]. HbA1c was significantly higher in the plasmatic magnesium deficiency group than the normal magnesium status group (10% \u00b1 1.3 vs. 8.3% \u00b1 1.9; p = 0.04), with a significant difference in participants with a poor glycemic control (HbA1c &gt; 7%) (100%, n = 13\/13 vs. 53%, n = 47\/88; p = 0.001). A weak negative relationship was also found between plasmatic magnesium and HbA1c (r = \u22120.2, p = 0.03). Peripheral artery disease was more commonly described in individuals with low plasmatic magnesium levels than in individuals with normal levels (39%, n = 5 vs. 0%, n = 0; p &lt; 0.001). The mean plasmatic magnesium level in participants without diabetic nephropathy and also peripheral artery disease was significantly higher compared to individuals with each long-term diabetes-related complication (0.8 mmol\/L \u00b1 0.1 vs. 0.71 mmol\/L \u00b1 0.07; p = 0.006) and (0.8 mmol\/L \u00b1 0.1 vs. 0.6 mmol\/L \u00b1 0.08; p &lt; 0.001), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia was identified in individuals with T2DM, causing poor glycemic control and contributing to the development and progression of diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract11040095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T22:00:23Z","timestamp":1635372023000},"page":"791-800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Plasmatic Magnesium Deficiency in 101 Outpatients Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hajer","family":"Zahra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olfa","family":"Berriche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramla","family":"Mizouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Boukhayatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Khiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Gamoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Lahmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Ben Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faten","family":"Mahjoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3177-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souheil","family":"Zayet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henda","family":"Jamoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, The National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology of Tunis, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00258-2","article-title":"Magnesium: An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects","volume":"294","author":"Saris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. 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