{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:55:22Z","timestamp":1791669322167,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zinner syndrome (ZS) is a rare disorder that affects only men. It is characterized by a triad of abnormalities, including unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cysts, and atresia of the ejaculatory tract. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on the best treatment modality. We describe a case of a young male patient with recurrent epididymitis, dysuria, and frequent urination. In the diagnostic evaluation, we found an extended right seminal vesicle in the ultrasound with hyperechoic fluid inside and an absence of the right kidney. We performed magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and semen analysis confirming Zinner syndrome and deteriorated semen parameters. Urethroscopic evaluation and ultrasound-guided puncture of the seminal vesicle were performed. An abscess was excluded. The cytologic evaluation showed hemosiderophages. Tamsulosin was introduced. We found no signs of relapse in a six-month observation, and the patient had no further symptoms. Therefore, minimally invasive treatment is a feasible option in young patients found with early-stage Zinner syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract11040108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:52:32Z","timestamp":1639086752000},"page":"942-946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Zinner Syndrome\u2014A Rare Cause of Recurrent Epididymitis and Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Ostrowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Grze\u015bk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Kaczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Skwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3829-5740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Kulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Ostrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Drewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-016-0037-4","article-title":"Zinner\u2019s syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Slaoui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Androl."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"S47","article-title":"Zinner syndrome\u2014Case report","volume":"94","author":"Militaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Pharm. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.08.012","article-title":"A rare case of Zinner syndrome: Triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ejaculatory duct obstruction","volume":"16","author":"Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4103\/UA.UA_152_18","article-title":"Zinner syndrome mimicking bladder outlet obstruction managed with aspiration","volume":"11","author":"Kori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol. Ann."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-1997","article-title":"Zinner syndrome: An updated pooled analysis based on 214 cases from 1999 to 2020: Systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243002","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243002","article-title":"Zinner syndrome: Two cases and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Gigli","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13436","article-title":"Infertility case presentation in Zinner syndrome: Can a long-lasting seminal tract obstruction cause secretory testicular injury?","volume":"51","author":"Cito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.006","article-title":"Cystic Lesions of the Prostate Gland: An Ultrasound Classification With Pathological Correlation","volume":"181","author":"Galosi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2020.06.078","article-title":"Robotic management of painful Zinner syndrome, case report and review of literature","volume":"73","author":"Demaeyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/11\/4\/108\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:43:47Z","timestamp":1760168627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/11\/4\/108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["clinpract11040108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract11040108","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]}}}