{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:40:10Z","timestamp":1762076410344,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Coronaviruses (COV) are a large family of viruses that cause infections ranging from the common cold to more serious diseases. Mild to severe respiratory illnesses have been linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been classified as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization. It has been demonstrated that the severity of COVID-19 is highly positively linked with hypocalcemia. Furthermore, calcium imbalances among other electrolytes are linked to the prognosis of COVID-19. Objectives: This study demonstrates a connection between serum calcium levels and COVID-19 as biomedical indicators of COVID-19 infections in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baxshin Hospital for about two months from February 2022 to April 2022. The work was conducted with a total of 40 patients including 22 males and 18 females. The patients\u2019 ages ranged from 22 to 80 years old. By analyzing a sample from a nasopharyngeal swab and performing real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), all of the patients tested positive as having COVID-19 infection. Serum calcium was determined from the blood samples of the patients in order to evaluate their serum calcium levels. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) was utilized to examine the obtained data. Results: The study revealed a level of calcium between 6.10 and 9.86 mg\/dL in male and female patients. The majority of the female patients (61%) displayed low levels of serum calcium, and 33% of the males had a low level of calcium. It can be seen that the highest rate of male patients (66.6%) exhibited a normal level of serum calcium, while 33.3% showed decreased serum calcium. Based on gender and age groups, a statistically significant difference in calcium levels was observed. Conclusions: This study discovered that infection with COVID-19 has some significant laboratory abnormalities, including hypocalcemia, showing that serum calcium might be employed as a prognostic marker in the clinic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract12060103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1669798001000},"page":"1001-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Estimation of Serum Calcium on the Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Infections in Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-5885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihad M.","family":"Hadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shkar M. J.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mudhafar M. M.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilal K.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Banwan M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lava E.","family":"Muhamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ardalan J.","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Nursing Department, Haibat Sultan Technical Institute, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil 46017, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nzar N.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hawre A.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business Information Technology Department, Haibat Sultan Technical Institute, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil 46017, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan Q.","family":"Sofihussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeza M.","family":"Abdul Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxshin Research Center, Baxshin Hospital, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijso.2020.06.006","article-title":"The strategy for controlling COVID-19 in Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)\/Iraq: Identification, epidemiology, transmission, treatment, and recovery","volume":"25","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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