{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:33:37Z","timestamp":1791855217547,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic\u2013Conceptual Development of Research Organization","award":["00669806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00669806"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) presents a distinctive and relatively rare form of oral candidal infection characterized by the presence of white or white\u2013red patches on the oral mucosa. Often mistaken for leukoplakia or erythroleukoplakia due to their appearance, these lesions display nonhomogeneous textures featuring combinations of white and red hyperplastic or nodular surfaces. Predominant locations for such lesions include the tongue, retro-angular mucosa, and buccal mucosa. This paper aims to investigate the potential influence of specific anatomical locations, retro-angular mucosa, on the development and occurrence of CHC. By examining the relationship between risk factors, we present an approach based on machine learning (ML) to predict the location of CHC occurrence. In this way, we employ Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) to classify CHC lesion locations based on important risk factors. This estimator can serve both research and diagnostic purposes effectively. The findings underscore that the proposed ML technique can be used to predict the occurrence of CHC in retro-angular mucosa compared to other locations. The results also show a high rate of accuracy in predicting lesion locations. Performance assessment relies on Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R-squared (R2), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), consistently revealing favorable results that underscore the robustness and dependability of our classification method. Our research contributes valuable insights to the field, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and informing treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract13060120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1698672415000},"page":"1335-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predicting Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis Retro-Angular Mucosa Using Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4768-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Moztarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 30460 Pilsen, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7315-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Liska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 30460 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0078-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Liskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 30460 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Skalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sikl\u2019s Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Ed. Bene\u0161e 13, 30599 Pilsen, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Biopticka Laboratory, Mikulasske namesti 628, 32600 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Topolcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Ed. Bene\u0161e 13, 30599 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry School, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Hauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 30460 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1991.tb00891.x","article-title":"Chronic hyperplastic candidosis and secretor status","volume":"20","author":"Lamey","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. 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