{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:55:07Z","timestamp":1772207707195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia","award":["5914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5914"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions globally. Observational data link low vitamin D status to diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, but interventional trials on the effects of supplementation are limited. Objective: We investigated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and metabolic markers in Saudi adults. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical records of 476 patients from Saudi Arabia, aged 15\u201378 years. According to 25(OH)D levels, participants were stratified as vitamin D-sufficient (\u226530 ng\/mL), -insufficient (21\u201329 ng\/mL), or -deficient (\u226420 ng\/mL). The outcomes were diabetic status (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and lipid panel results. Results: Higher diabetes prevalence was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (10.1% in the sufficient group, 11.6% in the insufficient group, and 18.3% in the deficient group). Similarly, worse lipid profiles were associated with more severe hypovitaminosis D, including a total cholesterol level of \u2265240 mg\/dL (5.3% in participants with normal vitamin D levels vs. 18.9% in those with deficient levels) and LDL \u2265 160 mg\/dL (6.9% in participants with normal vitamin D levels vs. 13.2% in those with deficient levels). Vitamin D deficiency disproportionately affected women and adults &gt; 45 years old. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in Saudi Arabia and strongly linked to worsened metabolic markers. Optimizing vitamin D status through screening and correcting the deficiency may provide a cost-effective approach to confronting the regional diabetes epidemic and reducing cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract14020032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T08:13:44Z","timestamp":1709194424000},"page":"426-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Blood Glucose and Cholesterol Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eman","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, College of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta 31527, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulhakim Ibrahim","family":"Alabdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alhasa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8953-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Saleh","family":"Al-Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharm.D., College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal Omar","family":"Alagha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharm.D., College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhiyaa Hassan","family":"AlAhmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alhasa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mazen Moraya Ali","family":"Alalmaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alhasa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sizar, O., Khare, S., Goyal, A., and Givler, A. 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