{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:44Z","timestamp":1787027864455,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backgroud: The main function of the hamstring muscles is to bend the knee joint and support the function of the hip extensors. Their frequent injuries are the result of overload related to, among others, dynamic running or jumping, and inadequate preparation for athletics activities. The asymmetry of the work of individual flexor muscle groups is clearly marked in the case of valgus or varus of the knee joint, i.e., in different positions of the lower limb. The aim of the study was to determine the position and form of a rehabilitation exercise in which an isolated group of muscles flexing the knee joint will show the greatest bioelectrical activity. Methods: The study involved 25 students of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The students were aged 20\u201326. The average age was 22.9 (\u00b11.4). The study participants included 17 women with an average age of 23.0 (\u00b11.1) and 8 men with an average age of 22.6 (\u00b11.9). Women constituted 68% and men 32% of all respondents. All participants agreed to participate in the study. Surface electromyography measurements in both lower limbs provided an initial number of 50 cases. The activity of the knee flexor muscles during isometric contraction with resistance was measured in correlation with three foot and lower leg settings: internal rotation, neutral position, and external rotation. The bioelectrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle is significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) in the internal rotation position than in the neutral position of the lower leg, while the bioelectrical activity of the biceps femoris muscle is inversely higher (p &lt; 0.01) in the external rotation position than in the neutral position. Results: The results are significant for both average and maximum values of muscle stimulation. During isometric contraction with resistance, the semitendinosus muscle shows the greatest bioelectrical activity in the internal rotation position of the lower leg and foot, and the biceps femoris muscle in the external rotation position of the lower leg and foot. Conclusions: The above information has important implicational applications when improving isolated groups of hamstrings. In the future, this may contribute to more effective rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the muscles described in the article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract14060174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T07:53:43Z","timestamp":1729583623000},"page":"2217-2227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of Isometric Exercise Position on the Effectiveness of Isolated Work of the Thigh Flexor Muscles Based on the Results of the sEMG Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3044-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Zyznawska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Frankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Wodka-Natkaniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Skoczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Physical principles demonstrate that the biceps femoris muscle relative to the other hamstring muscles exerts the most force: Implications for hamstring muscle strain injuries","volume":"4","author":"Dolman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25411","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.25411","article-title":"Hamstring muscle injuries, a rehabilitation protocol purpose","volume":"6","author":"Valle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"43","article-title":"Poste\u0328powanie rehabilitacyjne w przypadku urazu grupy tylnej mie\u0328s\u0301ni uda (kulszowo-goleniowej)\u2014Doniesienie wst\u0119pne","volume":"18","author":"Biernat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rocz. Nauk. AWFiS W Gdan\u0301sku"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"798","article-title":"Recurrent hamstring injury: Consideration following operative and non-operative management","volume":"9","author":"DeWitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094427","article-title":"Hamstring injuries: Prevention and treatment-an update","volume":"49","author":"Brukner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"56","article-title":"Developments in the use of the hamstring\/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance","volume":"1","author":"Coombs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00172.2009","article-title":"Group I afferent pathway contributes to functional knee stability","volume":"103","author":"Friemert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1980-4","article-title":"Differentiation of hamstring short latency versus medium latency responses after tibia translation","volume":"160","author":"Friemert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrens, M., Mau-Moeller, A., Wassermann, F., and Bruhn, S. (2013). Effect of fatigue on hamstring reflex responses and posterior-anterior tibial translation in men and women. PLoS ONE., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056988"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021201","article-title":"A new concept for isokinetic hamstring: Quadriceps muscle strength ratio","volume":"26","author":"Aagaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.3.116","article-title":"A comparison of 2 rehabilitation programs in the treatment of acute hamstring strains","volume":"34","author":"Sherry","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Terlikowski, R., Kaniewska, K., and Mirska, A. (2009). Wady Postawy, Uniwersytet Medyczny."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117748891","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117748891","article-title":"A Biomechanical Assessment of Biceps Femoris Repair Techniques","volume":"6","author":"Branch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90057-L","article-title":"Activity in receptor afferents from the anterior cruciate ligament evokes reflex effects on fusimotor neurones","volume":"8","author":"Johansson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100212","article-title":"Hamstrings-an anterior cruciate ligament protagonist. An in vitro study","volume":"21","author":"More","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0796-x","article-title":"An Evidence-Based Framework for Strengthening Exercises to Prevent Hamstring Injury","volume":"48","author":"Bourne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"8957","article-title":"Comparison of electromyographic activity during Nordic hamstring exercise and exercise in lengthened position","volume":"30","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Konrad, P. (2007). ABC EMG\u2014Praktyczne Wprowadzenie Do Elektromiografii Kinezjologicznej, Wyd. Technomex Gliwice."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2024, May 16). Available online: http:\/\/www.seniam.org\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"B\u0142aszczyk, J.W. (2014). Biomechanika Kliniczna. Podre\u0328cznik dla Studento\u0301w Medycyny i Fizjoterapii, Lekarskie PZWL. Wyd. 1\u20135 dodr. Wyd."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Wytr\u0105\u017cek, M., Hubert, J., Zag\u0142oba\u2013Kaszuba, A., and Warzecha, D. (2010). Mo\u017cliwos\u0301ci Wykorzystania Badan\u0301 Elektromiograficznych w Praktyce Fizjoterapeutycznej, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Medycznego im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"554","article-title":"Obiektywne moz\u0307liwos\u0301ci monitorowania poste\u0328po\u0301w terapii tkanek mie\u0328kkich w rehabilitacji z zastosowaniem EMG. (Objective possibilities of monitoring the progress of a treatment of soft tissues in the rehabilitation with the EMG application)","volume":"6","author":"Michalik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Sport"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400418","article-title":"A comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyographic activity during open and closed kinetic chain exercises","volume":"24","author":"Wilk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.8.2.123","article-title":"Changes in muscle activation during wall slides and squat-machine exercise","volume":"8","author":"Blanpied","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Sport Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Troubridge, M. (2000). The Effect of Foot Position on Quadriceps and Hamstrings Muscle Activity during a Parallel Squat Exercise. [Master\u2019s Thesis, The University of Western Ontario]."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.005","article-title":"Angle- and gender-specific quadriceps femoris muscle recruitment and knee extensor torque","volume":"37","author":"Pincivero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"931","article-title":"The impact of foot position on electromyographical activity of the superficial quadriceps muscles during leg extension","volume":"19","author":"Stoutenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.22.1.2","article-title":"The effect of knee and foot position on the electromyographical activity of the superficial quadriceps","volume":"22","author":"Signorile","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090281","article-title":"Kettlebell swing targets semitendinosus and supine leg curl targets biceps femoris: An EMG study with rehabilitation implications","volume":"47","author":"Zebis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13288","article-title":"Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the Askling L-Protocol for hamstring training","volume":"28","author":"Severini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093214","article-title":"Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers: A prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols","volume":"48","author":"Askling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095739","article-title":"Impact of exercise selection on hamstring muscle activation","volume":"51","author":"Bourne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3325-3","article-title":"Nordic hamstring exercise training alters knee joint kinematics and hamstring activation patterns in young men","volume":"116","author":"Delahunt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/14\/6\/174\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:17:46Z","timestamp":1760113066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/14\/6\/174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["clinpract14060174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract14060174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]}}}