{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:15Z","timestamp":1792789095665,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Science, and Technology of Mexico (CONAHCYT)","award":["CVU 1233113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVU 1233113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent dental illnesses in children. Untreated severe caries can damage teeth, requiring pulpotomy to save them. Objective: To evaluate the clinical success rate of treatments involving pulpotomies + IRM (Intermediate Restorative Material, composed of reinforced zinc oxide\u2013eugenol polymers) + preformed metal crowns (PMCs) in primary teeth of children treated at a public university in Mexico. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional ambispective study was conducted on children aged 10 years or younger, treated at a public university in Mexico. A total of 1281 medical records from February 2018 to June 2023 were reviewed, yielding a sample of 199 children treated with pulpotomy + IRM + PMC. Information was collected via telephone interviews with parents\/caregivers to inquire about any symptoms following the pulpotomy and metal crown treatments. Success was defined as the absence of pain, inflammation, or infection. Results: During the study period, the number of teeth treated with pulpotomy + IRM + PMC was 414, with follow-ups ranging from 6 to 69 months. Most participants were girls (54.3%), while 45.7% were boys. Out of the 167 pulpotomy + IRM + PMC treatments included in the study, the clinical success rate was 98.2%. Conclusions: The clinical success rate of primary teeth treated with pulpotomy + IRM + PMCs was high, close to 100%, based on evidence and symptom reports from parents\/caregivers. It would be beneficial to implement its use in public health institutions in countries such as Mexico.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract14060203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T11:26:08Z","timestamp":1732706768000},"page":"2580-2589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Success of Pulpotomies Using Intermediate Restorations and Preformed Metal Crowns in the Context of a Developing Country: A Retrospective Questionnaire-Based Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana Luisa","family":"Montero-Copoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry \u201cDr. Keisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma Leticia","family":"Robles-Bermeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry \u201cDr. Keisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador Eduardo","family":"Lucas-Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara\u00ed Carmina","family":"Guadarrama-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry \u201cDr. Keisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayeli","family":"Lovera-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry \u201cDr. Keisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Fernando","family":"Casanova-Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Villalobos-Rodelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Escoffi\u00e9-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatan, M\u00e9rida 97000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Eduardo","family":"Medina-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Studies and Research Centre in Dentistry \u201cDr. Keisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50130, Mexico"},{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry of Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2021.02.002","article-title":"Radiology of Dental Caries","volume":"65","author":"Dayo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003416","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202003416","article-title":"Functionalized Mouth-Conformable Interfaces for pH Evaluation of the Oral Cavity","volume":"8","author":"Matzeu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.53766\/AcBio\/2024.14.27.14","article-title":"Experiencia y prevalencia de caries en pacientes de 1 a 12 a\u00f1os de edad en una muestra cl\u00ednica de un hospital p\u00fablico de especialidades","volume":"14","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biocl\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"85","article-title":"Determinants of oral health care related to the frequency and severity of dental caries in preschool children","volume":"22","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nova Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2024067603","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-067603","article-title":"Section on oral health; council on children with disabilities; committee on pediatric emergency medicine. Oral Health Care for Children and Youth with Developmental Disabilities: Clinical Report","volume":"154","author":"Sarvas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517693566","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years for oral conditions for 195 countries, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors","volume":"96","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19092","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019092","article-title":"Ecological study on needs and cost of treatment for dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6, 12 and 15 years: Data from a national survey in Mexico","volume":"99","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casanova-Rosado, J.F., Casanova-Rosado, A.J., Minaya-S\u00e1nchez, M., Casanova-Sarmiento, J.A., Robles-Minaya, J.L., M\u00e1rquez-Rodr\u00edguez, S., Mora-Acosta, M., Islas-Zaraz\u00faa, R., M\u00e1rquez-Corona, M.L., and \u00c1vila-Burgos, L. (2021). Self-Reported Dental Caries by Mexican Elementary and Middle-School Schoolchildren in the Context of Socioeconomic Indicators: A National Ecological Study. Children, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/children8040289"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.22514\/jocpd.2024.058","article-title":"Potential factors affecting the success rate of indirect pulp therapy in primary molars with deep caries: A retrospective study","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dettori, M., Arghittu, A., Cappai, A., Castiglia, P., Campus, G., and Children\u2019s Smiles Sardinian Group (2024). Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on Dental Caries Status in Sardinian Children. Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11010096"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2024, July 20). Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK578297\/."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"e19184","article-title":"Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Risk and Prevalence of Dental Caries and Dental Treatment Trends in Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of National Survey of Children\u2019s Health (NSCH) Data, 2016\u20132019","volume":"13","author":"Vasireddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12056","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental care services in Europe: What is the role of public coverage?","volume":"42","author":"Espelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nghayo, H.A., Palanyandi, C.E., Ramphoma, K.J., and Maart, R. (2024). Oral health community engagement programs for rural communities: A scoping review. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297546"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-023-01048-9","article-title":"Unravelling the impact of dental workforce training and education programmes on policy evolution: A mixed-method study protocol","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Res. Policy Syst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Duangthip, D., Gao, S.S., Huang, F., Anthonappa, R., Oliveira, B.H., Turton, B., Durward, C., El Tantawi, M., and Attia, D. (2021). Oral Health Policies to Tackle the Burden of Early Childhood Caries: A Review of 14 Countries\/Regions. Front. Oral Health, 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.670154"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Andrade, M.L., and Barbosa R\u00e9gua, M.P.S. (2024, July 10). Manual de Referencia para Procedimientos Cl\u00ednicos en Odontopediatr\u00eda. Available online: https:\/\/backup.revistaodontopediatria.org\/publicaciones\/manuales\/referencia-para-procedimientos-en-odontopediatria\/Manual-de-Referencia-para-Procedimientos-en-Odontopediatria.pdf."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparaci\u00f3n de la efectividad del Sulfato F\u00e9rrico como m\u00e9todo alternativo en Pulpotom\u00edas infantiles in vivo","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Latinoam. Ortod. Odontopediatr\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4067\/S2452-55882020000300212","article-title":"Pulpotom\u00eda con Biodentine comparado con formocresol en pacientes con dentici\u00f3n primaria","volume":"13","author":"Solminihac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Interdiscip. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2006.00688.x","article-title":"Is there life after Buckley\u2019s Formocresol? Part I. A narrative review of alternative interventions and materials","volume":"16","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"99","article-title":"Uso de hidr\u00f3xido de c\u00e1lcio e MTA na odontologia: Conceitos, fundamentos e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"SALUSVITA"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"244","article-title":"Comportamiento cl\u00ednico y radiogr\u00e1fico de Agregado Tri\u00f3xido Mineral (MTA) vs material de restauraci\u00f3n intermedio (IRM) en pulpotom\u00edas de dientes temporales","volume":"68","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. ADM"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.861","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Different Brands of Primary Molar Stainless-Steel Crowns: An In Vitro Study","volume":"7","author":"Bamdadian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.97311","article-title":"Clinical and Radiographic Success Rate of Pulp Treated Primary Molars Restored with Stainless Steel Crown (SSC) Versus Glass Ionomer-SSC: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"30","author":"Ramazani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2010.446","article-title":"Success rate of calcium hydroxide pulpotomy in primary molars restored with amalgam and stainless-steel crowns","volume":"208","author":"Sonmez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1443","article-title":"Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Four Different Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Molars: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"10","author":"Sunitha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youssef, A.R., Emara, R., Taher, M.M., Al-Allaf, F.A., Almalki, M., Almasri, M.A., and Siddiqui, S.S. (2019). Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide, biodentine and Emdogain on osteogenesis, Odontogenesis, angiogenesis and cell viability of dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0827-0"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Igna, A. (2021). Vital Pulp Therapy in Primary Dentition: Pulpotomy-A 100-Year Challenge. Children, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/children8100841"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"e60591","article-title":"Overview of Interim and Temporary Restorations of Teeth During Endodontic Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Rathod","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.08.003","article-title":"Long-term Outcomes of Full Pulpotomy in Permanent Molars for Patients Treated in a Single, Short Session under Special Conditions","volume":"46","author":"Linas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.91792","article-title":"Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol on vital pulp after pulpotomy of primary molars: An in vivo study","volume":"2","author":"Godhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"CD005512","article-title":"Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth","volume":"2015","author":"Innes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03320816","article-title":"Restoration of primary teeth with crowns: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Attari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"27","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health service utilization any time in their lives for Mexican schoolchildren from 6 to 12 years old","volume":"151","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gac. Med. Mex."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e027101","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027101","article-title":"Clinical and non-clinical variables associated with preventive and curative dental service utilisation: A cross-sectional study among adolescents and young adults in Central Mexico","volume":"9","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"e51079","article-title":"Experience, Prevalence, and Severity of Dental Caries in Mexican Preschool and School-Aged Children","volume":"15","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno-Barrera, A., Morales-Ruiz, P., Ribas P\u00e9rez, D., Flores-Fraile, J., and Casta\u00f1o-Seiquer, A. (2023). Analysis and Evaluation of Dental Caries in a Mexican Population: A Descriptive Transversal Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053873"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moskovitz, M., Tickotsky, N., Dassa, M., Fux-Noy, A., Shmueli, A., Halperson, E., and Ram, D. (2021). Zinc Oxide Zinc Sulfate versus Zinc Oxide Eugenol as Pulp Chamber Filling Materials in Primary Molar Pulpotomies. Children, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/children8090776"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.1999.tb00784.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol in pulpotomy of primary molars","volume":"15","author":"Shumayrikh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endod. Dent. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"304","article-title":"Success Rate of Formocresol Pulpotomy versus Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Human Primary Molar Tooth","volume":"6","author":"Jabbarifar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2000.0177","article-title":"Efficacy of preformed metal crowns vs. amalgam restorations in primary molars: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Randall","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"51","article-title":"Cost Estimates for Bioactive Cement Pulpotomies and Crowns in Primary Molars","volume":"40","author":"Abukabbos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0126","article-title":"Cost analysis of endodontic treatment in primary teeth: Results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/14\/6\/203\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:40:13Z","timestamp":1760114413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/14\/6\/203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["clinpract14060203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract14060203","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]}}}