{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:38:27Z","timestamp":1790188707923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This is a prospective study. Atrophic vulvovaginitis (VVA), a prevalent condition resulting from estrogen deficiency after the menopause, is characterized by symptoms such as vaginal dryness, itching, burning, dyspareunia, and urinary discomfort. Standard treatment involves systemic estrogen replacement therapy (HRT) and localized estrogen treatments, such as estriol. However, many women with moderate-to-severe VVA may not fully benefit from estrogen therapy alone. Non-hormonal adjunctive treatments, such as pelvic floor exercises (e.g., Kegel exercises), are being explored to enhance clinical outcomes. Objectives: This study investigates the combined effect of local estriol therapy and Kegel exercises in improving VVA symptoms in postmenopausal women. Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women diagnosed with VVA were enrolled and divided into three severity groups: mild, moderate, and severe. All participants received estriol therapy (0.5 mg vaginal tablets daily for 10 days each month) for the first three months. Following this, Kegel exercises were introduced for an additional three-month period, alongside continued estriol therapy. Symptom improvement was evaluated after six months, with outcomes categorized as complete remission, partial remission, or no remission. Results: Significant improvements in symptom remission were observed, particularly in the moderate and severe groups. In the mild VVA group, 81.82% achieved complete remission with combined therapy compared to 68.18% with estriol alone. In the severe group, complete remission was observed in 40% of patients receiving combined therapy compared to 20% with estriol therapy alone. These findings suggest that Kegel exercises enhance the effectiveness of estriol by improving local blood circulation, which facilitates better estrogen absorption and distribution. Conclusions: The addition of Kegel exercises to local estriol therapy significantly improves symptom remission rates, especially in moderate and severe VVA cases. This approach offers a promising strategy for managing postmenopausal VVA, particularly in cases that do not fully respond to estrogen therapy alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:01:02Z","timestamp":1736931662000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluating the Efficacy of Combined Intravaginal Estriol Therapy and Kegel Exercises in Managing Menopausal Atrophic Vulvovaginitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lucian","family":"\u0218erb\u0103nescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cSf. Ap. Andrei\u201d, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadym","family":"Rotar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cSf. Ap. Andrei\u201d, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7600-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drago\u0219","family":"Brezeanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cSf. Ap. Andrei\u201d, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mirea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cSf. Ap. Andrei\u201d, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena-Valentina","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Balneal and Rehabilitation Sanatorium of Techirghiol, 906100 Techirghiol, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paris","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital \u201cSf. Ap. Andrei\u201d, 900591 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12190","article-title":"Vulvar and vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: Findings from the REVIVE (REal Women\u2019s VIews of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) survey","volume":"10","author":"Kingsberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000329","article-title":"Vulvovaginal Atrophy Terminology Consensus Conference Panel. 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