{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T19:27:27Z","timestamp":1771702047940,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saint Louis University Department of Anesthesiology"},{"name":"American Academy of Neurology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) and other movement disorders. Despite its benefits, DBS explantation occurs in 5.6% of cases, with costs exceeding USD 22,000 per implant. Traditional statistical methods have struggled to identify reliable risk factors for explantation. We hypothesized that supervised machine learning would more effectively capture complex interactions among perioperative factors, enabling the identification of novel risk factors. Methods: The Medical Informatics Operating Room Vitals and Events Repository was queried for patients with DBS, adequate clinical data, and at least two years of follow-up (n = 38). Fisher\u2019s exact test assessed demographic and medical history variables. Data were analyzed using Anaconda Version 2.3.1. with pandas, numpy, sklearn, sklearn-extra, matplotlin. pyplot, and seaborn. Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) optimized factor selection was used. A multivariate logistic regression model was trained and evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC). Results: Fisher\u2019s exact test identified chronic pain (p = 0.0108) and tobacco use (p = 0.0026) as risk factors. RFECV selected 24 optimal features. The logistic regression model demonstrated strong performance (precision: 0.89, recall: 0.86, F1-score: 0.86, AUC: 1.0). Significant risk factors included tobacco use (OR: 3.64; CI: 3.60\u20133.68), primary PD (OR: 2.01; CI: 1.99\u20132.02), ASA score (OR: 1.91; CI: 1.90\u20131.92), chronic pain (OR: 1.82; CI: 1.80\u20131.85), and diabetes (OR: 1.63; CI: 1.62\u20131.65). Conclusions: Our study suggests that supervised machine learning can identify risk factors for early DBS explantation. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15070132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:33:47Z","timestamp":1752748427000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing Multivariable Logistic Regression for Identifying Perioperative Risk Factors for Deep Brain Stimulator Explantation: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0727-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peyton J.","family":"Murin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anagha S.","family":"Prabhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4220-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri Chaves","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease","volume":"50","author":"Benabid","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. 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