{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:38:35Z","timestamp":1760060315294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Polymorphisms in metalloproteinases (MMPs) have the potential to be probable genetic biomarkers of dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of the MMP13 A\/G rs2252070 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) according to caries experience in Salvadoran children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 185 Salvadorian school children between 7 and 12 years of age. Demographic data, frequency of toothbrushing, dental flossing and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were recorded. Caries data were collected by clinical examination. Genomic DNA was obtained from oral cells of the children. Polymorphism genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Allele and genotypic frequencies were compared between the healthy and caries-experiencing groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 using the chi-square test, the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The allele frequencies of MMP13-77 A\/G were 0.7 and 0.3 following the Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium (X2 = 0.22, p = 0.63). 72% of subjects with caries experience were carriers of the A allele. Caries experience was higher for the GG genotype group for permanent and primary surfaces (DMFS = 2.11; dmfs = 5.64) and for permanent teeth (DMFT = 1.50). No significant differences were found in the allelic and\/or genotypic frequencies of the SNP polymorphism between subjects with dental caries and healthy subjects (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The distribution of MMP13-77 A\/G rs2252070 in the study population showed no association with caries experience. However, our findings highlight the importance of promoting oral hygiene habits from an early age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15080154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T10:59:01Z","timestamp":1755601141000},"page":"154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Allelic and Genotypic Distribution of MMP13-77 A\/G Polymorphism in Salvadoran Children With and Without Caries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9725-0783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Escobar-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78000, Mexico"},{"name":"Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of El Salvador, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Alegr\u00eda-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78000, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6118-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Ter\u00e1n-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vianney","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research and Development Center, University of El Salvador, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Eduardo","family":"Medina-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78000, Mexico"},{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Pati\u00f1o-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Program in Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14516","article-title":"WHO\u2019s global oral health status report 2022: Actions, discussion and implementation","volume":"30","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000077753","article-title":"Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care","volume":"38","author":"Fejerskov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1159\/000481414","article-title":"Redefining the Phenotype of Dental Caries","volume":"52","author":"Weber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03146-x","article-title":"Genes in the pathway of tooth mineral tissues and dental caries risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Chisini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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