{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:35:57Z","timestamp":1789662957976,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Worldwide, ~45% of hypertensives remain undiagnosed, and ~26% are adequately controlled. The active involvement of all healthcare professionals in diagnosing hypertension at primary health care units (PHCUs) is linked to better blood pressure (BP) control. There is currently no research examining the potential role of senior medical students in the diagnosis of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of final-year medical students\u2019 active participation in the diagnosis of hypertension. The study also examined the prevalence and control of hypertension among health service users in Greek PHCUs. Methods: This is a cross-sectional convenience sample study. During clinical placement in PHC, sixth-year medical students received systematic training and performed BP measurements, according to the guidelines, in private, well-organized spaces. Adult patients and visitors were enlisted for BP measurements. The BP readings were provided to the participants so they could discuss any concerns about their BP with their physician. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies. Continuous variables were assessed for normality and, based on their distribution, are expressed as mean \u00b1 standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Appropriate tests were performed for the comparisons across groups (chi-square for the categorical variables, and two-sample t-test or Mann\u2013Whitney test for continuous variables). A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, 124 medical students performed BP measurements in 68 PHCUs. BP was measured in 704 individuals, aged 61 (IQR: 48.0\u201373.0) years old; 58.8% were female, 68.3% of whom were patients. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.7%. The control rate was 44.9% (BP &lt; 140 and 90 mmHg among all hypertensives), and the control rate under treatment was 61.0% (BP &lt; 140 and 90 mmHg among treated hypertensives). The involvement of medical students contributed positively, increasing the diagnosis of hypertension in individuals who might not have their BP measured in routine clinical practice. Ninety-nine newly diagnosed hypertensives were detected. Students identified 220 uncontrolled hypertensives and 112 uncontrolled under-treated patients, who were then referred to the consultant physicians. Conclusions: Students played a critical role in diagnosing hypertension and identifying newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Embracing interprofessional care in the diagnosis and management of hypertension is essential for achieving better outcomes for our patients. Engaging medical students in BP measurements is a practical and feasible approach to improve hypertension diagnosis and control, taking into consideration the increased workload of PHC physicians. While this action has important medical education implications, the impact on the knowledge level of medical students was not evaluated. Limitations of this study include the assessment of BP in one visit without home BP measurements or a second visit, lack of follow-up of newly diagnosed hypertensives, and the low average number of BP measurements per student.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15110216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:44:53Z","timestamp":1763631893000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contribution of Final-Year Medical Students to Hypertension Diagnosis in Primary Care Units"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0519-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Evangelidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areti","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5567-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Gavana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5087-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Gkolias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Styliani","family":"Ouzouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paschalis","family":"Evangelidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7851-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Theodoropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1013-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despoina","family":"Symintiridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Naka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Staikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Andreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Tsotoulidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stamatina","family":"Lamprou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dragasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Kada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5100-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Bettina","family":"Haidich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Doumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9772-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Smyrnakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Primary Health Care Research Network, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global Burden and Strength of Evidence for 88 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and 811 Subnational Locations, 1990\u20132021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Brauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, November 04). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Fact Sheet. World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.Who.Int\/News-Room\/Fact-Sheets\/Detail\/Cardiovascular-Diseases-(CVDs)."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global Burden of 87 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00559-8","article-title":"Global Epidemiology, Health Burden and Effective Interventions for Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e016557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-016557","article-title":"May Measurement Month 2022: Results from the Global Blood Pressure Screening Campaign","volume":"9","author":"Beaney","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002714","article-title":"Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Greece: EMENO National Epidemiological Study","volume":"39","author":"Stergiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265132","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2023.2265132","article-title":"European Society of Hypertension-General Practitioners\u2019 Program Hypertension Management: Focus on General Practice","volume":"32","author":"Pinho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Press."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1066","article-title":"World Heart Federation Roadmap for Hypertension\u2013A 2021 Update","volume":"16","author":"Jeemon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.4987","article-title":"Screening for Hypertension in Adults","volume":"325","author":"Krist","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-018-0032-7","article-title":"Do Physicians Measure Patients\u2019 Blood Pressure, and Are Those Measurements Reliable?","volume":"32","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, C., Hansell, L., Ehrlich, K., Munson, S., Anderson, M., Margolis, K.L., McClure, J.B., Hall, Y.N., Thompson, M., and Joseph, D. (2023). Primary Care Physician Beliefs and Practices Regarding Blood Pressure Measurement: Results from BP-CHECK Qualitative Interviews. BMC Prim. Care, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-022-01950-1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337170","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2024.2337170","article-title":"Frequency of Office Blood Pressure Measurements and the Seasonal Variability of Blood Pressure: Results of the Hungarian Hypertension Registry","volume":"33","author":"Nemcsik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Press."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e131","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0001116508.57028.4e","article-title":"Need to take action for hypertension: A survey on the practices of primary care physicians towards blood pressure measurement in Greece","volume":"43","author":"Evangelidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/08037051.2020.1782726","article-title":"Evaluation of Time Delay between Discovery of a High Blood Pressure in a Health Screening Survey and Hypertension Diagnosis","volume":"29","author":"Imam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Press."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2036725","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36725","article-title":"Assessment of Interprofessional Collaborative Practices and Outcomes in Adults with Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.12.015","article-title":"International Consensus on Standardized Clinic Blood Pressure Measurement\u2014A Call to Action","volume":"136","author":"Cheung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2025, November 04). Team-Based Care to Improve Blood Pressure Control. CDC, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/high-blood-pressure\/php\/data-research\/team-based-care\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Khalili, H., Thistlethwaite, J., El-Awaisi, A., Pfeifle, A., Gilbert, J., Lising, D., MacMillan, K., Maxwell, B., Grymonpre, R., and Rodrigues, F.F.J. (2025, November 17). Guidance on Global Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice Research: Discussion Paper, Available online: https:\/\/interprofessionalresearch.global."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouton, C., Journeaux, M., Jourdain, M., Angibaud, M., Huon, J.-F., and Rat, C. (2023). Interprofessional Collaboration in Primary Care: What Effect on Patient Health? A Systematic Literature Review. BMC Prim. Care, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-023-02189-0"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"303","article-title":"Improving Interprofessional Collaboration in Primary Care: Position Paper of the European Forum for Primary Care","volume":"20","author":"Samuelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.12961","article-title":"How Medical Students Learn in Primary Care","volume":"16","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Teach."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605359","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1605359","article-title":"The Integration of Primary Care and Public Health in Medical Students\u2019 Training Based on Social Accountability and Community-Engaged Medical Education","volume":"68","author":"Punzalan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Public. Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5787.683e","article-title":"Medical Students as Primary Care Providers: A Novel Curriculum Enhancing Understanding of Chronic Disease Management","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9727.199361","article-title":"Medical Students as Diabetes Educators","volume":"8","author":"Bhat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muller. J. Med. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13018","article-title":"Medical Students and Measuring Blood Pressure: Results from the American Medical Association Blood Pressure Check Challenge","volume":"19","author":"Rakotz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"568","article-title":"Knowledge of Correct Blood Pressure Measurement Procedures Among Medical and Nursing Students","volume":"62","author":"Esteban","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola De Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savvidou, E., Evangelidis, N., Gavana, M., Triantafyllou, A., Gkolias, V., and Smyrnakis, E. (Educ. Prim. Care, 2025). Primary Care Clinical Training: Engaging Medical Students in Direct Patient Care, Educ. Prim. Care, ahead-of-print.","DOI":"10.1080\/14739879.2025.2534977"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"109","article-title":"Final-Year Medical Students\u2019 Self-Assessment of Their Competence to Perform 123 Clinical Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece","volume":"28","author":"Savvidou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","article-title":"2023 ESH Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Mancia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002289","article-title":"STRIDE BP: An International Initiative for Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement","volume":"38","author":"Stergiou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2008). Convenience Sampling. Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods, Sage Publications, Inc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.184182","article-title":"Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries","volume":"310","author":"Chow","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prieto-D\u00edaz, M.A., Pallares-Carratala, V., Manuel Mic\u00f3-P\u00e9rez, R., Escobar-Cervantes, C., Mart\u00edn-Sanchez, V., Coca, A., Barquilla-Garc\u00eda, A., Velilla-Zancada, S.M., Polo-Garc\u00eda, J., and Segura-Fragoso, A. (2023). Clinical Characteristics, Treatment, and Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Hypertension Seen by Primary Care Physicians in Spain: The IBERICAN Study. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1295174"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-022-00519-4","article-title":"World Hypertension Day 2021 in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Survey","volume":"29","author":"Grassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"High Blood Press. Cardiovasc. Prev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menti, A., Kollias, A., Papadakis, J.A., Kalaitzidis, R.G., Milionis, H., Krokidis, X., Nikitas, G., Maragkoudakis, S., Makaris, E., and Papachristou, E. (Hell. J. Cardiol., 2024). Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Hypertension in Greece before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: May Measurement Month Survey 2019\u20132022, Hell. J. Cardiol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2024.05.017"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in an Elderly Population in Greece","volume":"10","author":"Triantafyllou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rural. Remote Health"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001380","article-title":"A High Level of Awareness but a Poor Control of Hypertension among Elderly Greeks. The Nemea Primary Care Study","volume":"16","author":"Skliros","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.07.011","article-title":"Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Hellas, GreeceThe Hypertension Study in General Practice in Hellas (HYPERTENSHELL) National Study","volume":"19","author":"Efstratopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3109\/01421590903437170","article-title":"Can Final Year Medical Students Significantly Contribute to Patient Care? A Pilot Study about the Perception of Patients and Clinical Staff","volume":"32","author":"Scheffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.643264","article-title":"Experiential Learning: Transforming Theory into Practice","volume":"34","author":"Yardley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadarajan, G.D., Rasappan, K., Ng, J.S.Y., Junchen, M.L., and Yoon, S. (2024). Medical Students\u2019 Experience and Learning Outcomes of Overseas Community Involvement Project: A Qualitative Study. BMC Med. Educ., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05560-6"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ampofo, G.D., Osarfo, J., and Tagbor, H.K. (2024). Medical Students\u2019 Perceptions of a Community-Engaged Learning Approach to Community Health in Ghana: The Students\u2019 Community Engagement Programme (SCEP). BMC Med. Educ., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06409-8"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1470","article-title":"Improved Outcomes in Diabetes Care for Rural African Americans","volume":"11","author":"Bray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2013.16","article-title":"Comparison of Primary Health-Care Models in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-014-0127-6","article-title":"Effects of the Multidisciplinary Risk Assessment and Management Program for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (RAMP-DM) on Biomedical Outcomes, Observed Cardiovascular Events and Cardiovascular Risks in Primary Care: A Longitudinal Comparative Study","volume":"13","author":"Jiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.09.027","article-title":"Prognostic Implications of LV Strain Risk Score in Asymptomatic Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease","volume":"9","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonaglioni, A., Napoli, F., Dell\u2019Anna, R., Nicolosi, G.L., Bianchi, S., Lombardo, M., Harari, S., and Lonati, C. (2025). Comprehensive Assessment of Biventricular and Biatrial Myocardial Strain Parameters at Six Years Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with Previous Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134767"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"72","article-title":"Developing an Experiential Learning Activity for Blood Pressure Measurements: Results from a Qualitative Analysis of Final-Year Medical Students\u2019 Experiences","volume":"28","author":"Triantafyllou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017070753","article-title":"BP Measurement in Clinical Practice: Time to SPRINT to Guideline-Recommended Protocols","volume":"29","author":"Drawz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SPRINT Research Group (2015). A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N. Engl. J. Med., 373, 2103\u20132116.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/15\/11\/216\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T10:45:58Z","timestamp":1763635558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/15\/11\/216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["clinpract15110216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract15110216","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]}}}