{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T11:06:40Z","timestamp":1764155200096,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is a harmful complication of elective upper limb surgeries. Different strategies are employed to prevent this condition. The aim of the review is to quantify the effectiveness of various preventive interventions and investigate correlated factors that affect the incidence of UEDVT (upper extremity deep vein thrombosis). Methods: We performed a systematic search using the PubMed, EBSCO, Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective cohort studies, or case\u2013control studies were examined. We included adult patients over 18 years old undergoing elective upper limb surgery and receiving Prophylactic measures for Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis. Results: After a literature search and quality assessment, 6 studies were included. All the studies were of good quality but significantly heterogeneous in terms of sample size, population size, treatment modalities, and baseline characteristics. In these studies, the reported incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) varied widely, ranging from 0.41% to 13%. However, thromboprophylaxis did not have a significant impact on the rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Certain factors such as older age and trauma as the cause of surgery were identified as notable risk factors for symptomatic VTE. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the complexity of preventing upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) following elective upper limb surgeries. The reported incidence of symptomatic VTE varies considerably across studies, and thromboprophylaxis was not associated with a significant reduction in its rates. The evidence is characterized by substantial heterogeneity in patient populations and surgical contexts. More research is needed to better understand the role of thromboprophylaxis in preventing DVT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15120221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T10:04:57Z","timestamp":1764151497000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive Strategies for Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis Following Elective Upper Limb Surgery: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Aeshah Salem","family":"Alsharidah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9700-5807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alya Ali","family":"Aljubran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6160-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha","family":"Alkharisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taif","family":"Alnafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9016-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhai","family":"Almuteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Health Cluster, Al-Qassim, Buraydah 52366, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Almarhabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Alqunfudah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Alawami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Academy, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6893-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaykhah","family":"Alkulaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashmiah","family":"Aljarash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Surgery, Dar Aluloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6035-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Almaqhawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20181227-05","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Aspirin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair","volume":"42","author":"Alyea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.11.034","article-title":"Venous thromboembolic events are rare after shoulder surgery: Analysis of a national database","volume":"20","author":"Jameson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.01.054","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism after elective shoulder surgery: A prospective cohort study of 175 patients","volume":"23","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2829-6","article-title":"Risk of Thromboembolism in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Effect of Implant Type and Traumatic Indication","volume":"471","author":"Navarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.10.066","article-title":"Postoperative upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in a gynecologic oncology patient: A case report","volume":"29","author":"Turan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.07.011","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis after reconstructive shoulder arthroplasty: A prospective observational study","volume":"18","author":"Willis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.17159\/2309-8309\/2017\/v16n4a5","article-title":"Incidence of deep vein thrombosis following shoulder replacement surgery: A prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Koch","year":"2017","journal-title":"SA Orthop. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2014-110025","article-title":"Low failure rate reported of diagnosis algorithm for suspected upper extremity deep vein thrombosis","volume":"19","author":"Delluc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): Development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2024.25.7.2237","article-title":"The Role of Anticoagulation on Venous Thromboembolism Primary Prophylaxis in Low- to Intermediate-Risk Ambulatory Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"25","author":"Alizadehasl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-010-0668-7","article-title":"Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in orthopaedic and trauma surgery: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.26502\/jcsct.5079005","article-title":"Evaluation of Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk Factors and Management","volume":"2","author":"Sheth","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Sci. Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, H.B., Neal, M.D., and Moore, E.E. (2021). Venous Thromboembolism After Trauma. Trauma Induced Coagulopathy, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-53606-0"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2023.284612","article-title":"Minor trauma and venous thromboembolism: The threshold for antithrombotic prophylaxis","volume":"109","author":"Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-8048.1000206","article-title":"Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis (UEDVT)","volume":"5","author":"Badr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.22374\/cjgim.v17i3.592","article-title":"Thromboprophylaxis Following Hip and Knee Surgery: A Review of Current Practices in a Canadian Tertiary Care Center","volume":"17","author":"Panamsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Sobieraj, D.M., Coleman, C.I., Tongbram, V., Lee, S., Colby, J., Chen, W.T., Makanji, S.S., Ashaye, A., Kluger, J., and White, C.M. (2012). Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Orthopedic Surgery [Internet]."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"e74925","article-title":"Trends in the Epidemiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Undergoing Surgery","volume":"16","author":"Cowan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, J., Grant, A.M., Beckman, M.G., Grosse, S.D., Yusuf, H.R., and Richardson, L.C. (2015). Determinants of Venous Thromboembolism among Hospitalizations of US Adults: A Multilevel Analysis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123842"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1258\/026835506778243031","article-title":"Intermittent pneumatic compression and deep vein thrombosis prevention in postoperative patients","volume":"21","author":"Urbankova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355518809226","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism prevention in lower limb trauma\u2013Can we do better?","volume":"34","author":"Langridge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phlebology"}],"container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/15\/12\/221\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T10:57:55Z","timestamp":1764154675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-7283\/15\/12\/221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["clinpract15120221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clinpract15120221","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]}}}