{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:54:01Z","timestamp":1781520841352,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics and Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Over the years, it has become increasingly clear that neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), commonly exhibit other health problems. Therefore, this is the first study aimed at investigating the prevalence of and factors associated with three binary outcomes: depression, anxiety, and an overactive bladder (OAB) among MS patients in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the neurological department of King Fahad Specialist Hospital in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, from January to December 2024. Data on age, sex, marital status, occupation, body mass index (BMI), MS duration, comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and OAB symptoms (frequency, nocturia, urgency, and urge incontinence) were obtained. Results: Of the 262 MS patients in this study, 184 (70.2%) were females, and 78 (29.8%) were males. The median values [IQR] of age and MS duration were 34 [26\u201340] and 5 [2\u20139] years, respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and OAB were 53.4%, 43.9%, and 50%, respectively. Nocturia was the most frequent urinary symptom, and urge incontinence was significantly higher among females. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with three binary outcomes: depression, anxiety, and OAB. For depression, being single and anxiety were associated with increased risk. Regarding anxiety, being a student was related to decreased risk, while being female and having depression were associated with increased risk. For OAB, only anxiety was associated with increased risk. Conclusions: Approximately one in two MS patients experience either depression or OAB, while anxiety was reported by fewer than half of the patients. This high prevalence of the three outcomes has critical implications for healthcare policy and resource allocation. Thus, screening, early diagnosis, and intervention, as well as integrated care, should be prioritized by healthcare institutions and practitioners to address these conditions and improve MS patients\u2019 quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract16060114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:57:58Z","timestamp":1781513878000},"page":"114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Overactive Bladder, Anxiety, and Depression Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alqwaifly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7861-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samer A.","family":"Almuqairsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7229-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad","family":"Alwashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef M.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2691-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adi A.","family":"Aldubaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghad H.","family":"Aldligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh First Health Cluster, Riyadh 12991, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2808-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulmajeed A.","family":"Alkhamees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayham","family":"Abazid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim, Buraydah 51451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6064-1537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rehana","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Al-Wutayd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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