{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:46:36Z","timestamp":1785336396191,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clocks &amp; Sleep"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the immediate impact of a social media outage on nomophobia and associated symptoms using a longitudinal cohort design. Data were collected at two timepoints, baseline (T1) and during the social media outage of 4 October 2021 (T2). T1 was collected in August\u2013September 2021 as part of the baseline of an ongoing study. The nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7), and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) were administered to 2706 healthy participants from the general Bahraini population (56% females, mean age 33.57 \u00b1 11.65 years). Approximately one month later, during the social media outage, 306 of the study participants were opportunistically assessed using the NMP-Q. At baseline, we found that nomophobia levels strongly correlated positively with both insomnia (p = 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.001). This is the first report to examine the impact of a social media outage on nomophobia. Our findings indicate that symptoms of nomophobia increased significantly during a social media outage. Baseline insomnia scores predicted a surge in the global scores of nomophobia symptoms during a social media outage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep4040040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T21:23:27Z","timestamp":1664313807000},"page":"508-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Social Media Outage Was Associated with a Surge in Nomophobia, and the Magnitude of Change in Nomophobia during the Outage Was Associated with Baseline Insomnia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham","family":"Jahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feten","family":"Fekih-Romdhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry \u201cIbn Omrane\u201d, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola Luigi","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seithikurippu R.","family":"Pandi-Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602117, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"BaHammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, P.O. Box 225503, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9776-0473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael V.","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S335462","article-title":"Nomophobia is Associated with Insomnia but Not with Age, Sex, BMI, or Mobile Phone Screen Size in Young Adults","volume":"13","author":"Jahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. 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