{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:37:11Z","timestamp":1782877031387,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"Clinical Doctoral Research Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research","award":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA-CDRF-2016-02-007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clocks &amp; Sleep"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People with a diagnosis of schizophrenia often have poor sleep, even when their psychotic symptoms are relatively well managed. This includes insomnia, sleep apnoea, hypersomnia, and irregular or non-24 h sleep\u2013wake timing. Improving sleep would better support recovery, yet few evidence-based sleep treatments are offered to this group. This paper presents a mixed methods feasibility and acceptability study of Light\u2013Dark and Activity Rhythm Therapy (L-DART). L-DART is delivered by an occupational therapist over 12 weeks. It is highly personalisable to sleep phenotypes and circumstances. Ten participants with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and sleep problems received L-DART; their sleep problems and therapy goals were diverse. We measured recruitment, attrition, session attendance, and adverse effects, and qualitatively explored acceptability, engagement, component delivery, adherence, activity patterns, dynamic light exposure, self-reported sleep, wellbeing, and functioning. Recruitment was ahead of target, there was no attrition, and all participants received the minimum \u2018dose\u2019 of sessions. Acceptability assessed via qualitative reports and satisfaction ratings was good. Adherence to individual intervention components varied, despite high participant motivation. All made some potentially helpful behaviour changes. Positive sleep and functioning outcomes were reported qualitatively as well as in outcome measures. The findings above support testing the intervention in a larger randomised trial ISRCTN11998005.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep5040048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T05:28:21Z","timestamp":1701667701000},"page":"734-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Light\u2013Dark and Activity Rhythm Therapy (L-DART) to Improve Sleep in People with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Group Mixed Methods Study of Feasibility, Acceptability and Adherence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1549-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich M25 3BL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5582-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altug","family":"Didikoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rory","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich M25 3BL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich M25 3BL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Bee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Bury New Road, Prestwich M25 3BL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa024","article-title":"Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disturbance in Remitted Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Meyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. 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