{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T15:37:10Z","timestamp":1767195430698,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMTR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Three-dimensional facial anthropometry is increasingly used in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Conventional face scanning systems such as Vectra\u00ae and 3dMD\u00ae are well validated but remain costly and technically demanding. The MetiSmile\u00ae 3D face scanner provides a more affordable and portable alternative, yet its accuracy and reproducibility have not been rigorously evaluated. Methods: Validation was performed on a standardized mannequin head in two phases. Phase 1 assessed mesh reproducibility under artificial lighting (AL), natural lighting (n-AL), and after mesh-refinement (AL-F). Landmark-based pre-registration with Iterative Closest Point refinement was applied; root-mean-square error (RMS) and distance maps were calculated. In phase 2, three observers (student, resident, consultant) performed 14 predefined linear measurements by direct anthropometry (DA) and digital anthropometry (DiA). Intra- and inter-observer reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Phase 1 yielded mean RMS values of 0.041 mm (AL), 0.043 mm (n-AL), and 0.030 mm (AL-F), with largest deviations near eyes, alar regions, and lip commissures. Phase 2 showed excellent ICCs (\u22650.997) and mean absolute DA\u2013DiA differences of 0.25\u20130.33 mm, with only few differences &gt; 2 mm. Conclusion: The MetiSmile\u00ae scanner generates highly reproducible meshes and clinically acceptable linear measurements on mannequin models. Further validation on live subjects is warranted before routine clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr19010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1767193501000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital vs. Direct Anthropometry with MetiSmile\u00ae 3D Face Scanner: A Validation and Reliability Study on a Mannequin Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"De Crem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1689-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantijn","family":"Bogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial (OCMF) Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Piccart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziekenhuis Heusden-Zolder, 3550 Heusden-Zolder, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Ureel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8375-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Denoiseux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1031-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"De Kock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Sint-Blasius Hospital, 9200 Dendermonde, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke","family":"Brands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial (OCMF) Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial (OCMF) Surgery, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial (OCMF) Surgery, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Middelheim Hospital, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland (IKNL), 3511 LC Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lenssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial (OCMF) Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaat","family":"Coopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.04.020","article-title":"Accuracy of 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry: Comparison of the 3dMD and Bellus3D facial scanning systems with one another and with direct anthropometry","volume":"160","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. 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