{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:21:03Z","timestamp":1789888863648,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMTR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paediatric orbital fractures require careful reconstruction to prevent long-term functional and aesthetic sequelae. Material selection is critical due to the anatomical and developmental considerations unique to children. Comparative data to guide decision making remain sparse and inconclusive. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (through February 2025), following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies reporting outcomes and\/or complications associated with implant materials used in the reconstruction of paediatric orbital fractures were included. Outcomes included postoperative diplopia, enophthalmos, restriction of eye movements, removal of material, and return to theatre (RTT). In total, 54 studies encompassing a total of 562 patients and 563 implants were included. Polymers (n = 169), alloplasts (n = 167) and autologous (n = 166) implants were the most commonly used reconstructive material. Late postoperative diplopia occurred in 7% of polymers (12\/169), 6% of alloplasts (10\/167), 29% of allografts (6\/21), 24% of xenografts (6\/25) and 33% of metals (2\/6). Reported enophthalmos was highest in the autologous group (8%) but was only reported in 34 of the 54 studies. Infection, removal of implant material and RTT were low across all groups (1\u20134%). No donor site morbidity was reported. Robust studies with standardised outcomes and adequate follow-up are needed to inform evidence-based material selection in paediatric orbital reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr19010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:05:11Z","timestamp":1771855511000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Reconstructive Materials in Paediatric Orbital Fractures: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4693-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Monash Health, 135 David Street, Dandenong, VIC 3175, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Sklavos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Monash Health, 135 David Street, Dandenong, VIC 3175, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9318-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricky","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP192","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875241272430","article-title":"Pediatric Facial Fractures: A Multi-Institutional Level 1 Trauma Center Analysis of Incidence, Interventions, and Outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Hinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. 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