{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:59:19Z","timestamp":1777042759253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CMTR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Benign parotid tumors are increasingly treated with parenchyma-sparing extracapsular enucleation, yet postoperative salivary collections and Frey syndrome can still generate clinically relevant morbidity; we evaluated whether a standardized intraoperative bundle combining intraparotid botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and bovine collagen membrane interposition is associated with fewer complications than standard enucleation alone. In this retrospective comparative cohort at a tertiary Head and Neck Surgery Unit, consecutive adults undergoing extracapsular enucleation for pleomorphic adenoma or Warthin tumor (2010\u20132025) were allocated by institutional era-based protocol to Group A (2010\u20132017, standard enucleation) or Group B (2018\u20132025, enucleation plus intraoperative intraparotid BTX-A 50 IU and bovine collagen membrane placement over the repaired parotid fascia). Prespecified endpoints were sialocele\/salivary fistula, surgical-site infection (SSI) within 30 days, and clinically recorded Frey syndrome within 6 months; effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were reported. A total of 188 patients were analyzed (94 per group). Sialocele occurred in 20\/94 (21.3%) in Group A versus 2\/94 (2.1%) in Group B [Relative Risk (RR) 0.10]. SSI occurred in 14\/94 (14.9%) versus 2\/94 (2.1%) (RR 0.143), and clinically recorded Frey syndrome in 18\/94 (19.1%) versus 4\/94 (4.3%) (RR 0.222). This combined protocol was associated with lower complication rates through 6 months; prospective controlled studies with standardized Frey assessment and longer follow-up are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr19020023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T12:29:11Z","timestamp":1777033751000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined BTX-A and Collagen Membrane in Benign Parotid Enucleation: A Comparative Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Consorti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Marche University Hospitals-Umberto I, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Betti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Marche University Hospitals-Umberto I, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5062-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Paglianiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neurological Sciences, Marche University Hospitals-Umberto I, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5028-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Catarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Monarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, San Sisto, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Gilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, San Sisto, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8421-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Troise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Miguel","family":"Chiesa-Estomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20001 San Sebastian, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7789-145X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi Angelo","family":"Vaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43\/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Cirignaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09697-y","article-title":"Parotid Gland Sialolithiasis: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"283","author":"Salzano","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000010986","article-title":"Extracapsular Dissection Versus Superficial Parotidectomy for Benign Parotid Tumors: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis","volume":"36","author":"Troise","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20801","article-title":"Postoperative Complications after Extracapsular Dissection of Benign Parotid Lesions with Particular Reference to Facial Nerve Function","volume":"120","author":"Klintworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20637","article-title":"Electromyographic Facial Nerve Monitoring during Parotidectomy for Benign Lesions Does Not Improve the Outcome of Postoperative Facial Nerve Function: A Prospective Two-center Trial","volume":"119","author":"Grosheva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, H., Kim, B.Y., Kim, H., Lee, E., Park, W., Choi, S., Chung, M.K., Son, Y.-I., Baek, C.-H., and Jeong, H.-S. (2019). Incidence of Postoperative Facial Weakness in Parotid Tumor Surgery: A Tumor Subsite Analysis of 794 Parotidectomies. BMC Surg., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-019-0666-6"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"255","article-title":"Facial Nerve Monitoring During Parotidectomy: A Two-Center Retrospective Study","volume":"28","author":"Maurin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirignaco, G., Monarchi, G., Betti, E., Paglianiti, M., Catarzi, L., Tel, A., Vaira, L.A., Balercia, P., and Consorti, G. (2025). Outcome of Facial Nerve Integrity After Parotid Gland Surgery With and Without Intraoperative Monitoring: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041156"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27348","article-title":"Sialocele Formation after Partial Parotidectomy: Dependent on Remnant Parotid Exposure","volume":"45","author":"Roh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjae190","article-title":"Update: Prevention and Treatment of Parotid\/Submandibular Gland Fistula\/Sialocele Following Rhytidectomy With Botulinum Toxin A","volume":"45","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27416","article-title":"Management and Follow-up Results of Salivary Fistulas Treated With Botulinum Toxin","volume":"129","author":"Send","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24564","article-title":"Factors Influencing Sialocele or Salivary Fistula Formation Postparotidectomy","volume":"39","author":"Britt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i9.1578","article-title":"Factors Influencing Frey Syndrome after Parotidectomy with Acellular Dermal Matrix","volume":"12","author":"Chai","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2025.10.012","article-title":"Surgical Site Infections in Oral Cavity Carcinoma: Predictive Factors, Microbiological Trends, and Clinical Implications\u2014Experience of a Major Italian Medical Center","volume":"141","author":"Cirignaco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000993","article-title":"Predictors for Frey Syndrome Development After Parotidectomy","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29414","article-title":"Different Surgical Strategies in the Prevention of Frey Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Costantino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.926","article-title":"The Incidence of Frey Syndrome and Treatment with Botulinum Toxin in the Central Denmark Region","volume":"7","author":"Golding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-023-02029-9","article-title":"Treatment of Frey Syndrome with Botulinum Toxin-A: A Practical Approach from Minor\u2019s Test to Injection","volume":"23","author":"Fiedler","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.2019","article-title":"Use of Botulinum Toxin in Frey\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Freni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.11.006","article-title":"Use of Allogenic Acellular Dermal Matrix in Prevention of Frey\u2019s Syndrome after Parotidectomy","volume":"46","author":"Ye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-20-703","article-title":"Effect of Human Acellular Dermal Matrix (MegadermTM) on Infra-Auricular Depressed Deformities, Frey\u2019s Syndrome, and First Bite Syndrome Following Parotidectomy: A Multi-Center Prospective Study","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2021.12.123","article-title":"Comparison of the Use of Allogenic Acellular Dermal Matrix on Rates of Frey Syndrome Post Parotidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"134","author":"Khoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26561","article-title":"Not Only Gustatory Sweating and Flushing: Signs and Symptoms Associated to the Frey Syndrome and the Role of Botulinum Toxin A Therapy","volume":"43","author":"Marchese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30375-3","article-title":"Methods to Reduce Postoperative Surgical Site Infections after Head and Neck Oncology Surgery","volume":"18","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70082","article-title":"Oncologic Safety of Facial-Vessel\u2013Based Buccinator Myomucosal Flaps for Tongue and Oral Floor Reconstruction: A Retrospective Multicenter Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"48","author":"Vaira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416672871","article-title":"Surgical Site Infections in Major Head and Neck Surgeries Involving Pedicled Flap Reconstruction","volume":"126","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-024-05226-1","article-title":"The Role of Botulinum Toxin for the Management of Post Parotidectomy Sialocele: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"77","author":"Sheykhveisi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13767","article-title":"Intraoperative Botulinum Toxin Injection for Superficial Partial Parotidectomy: A Prospective Pilot Study","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.05.013","article-title":"Influence of Parotidectomy Extent on Complications after Benign Parotid Surgery","volume":"53","author":"Cantaffa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.09.013","article-title":"Predictors of Sialocele or Salivary Fistula After Partial Superficial Parotidectomy for Benign Parotid Tumor: A Retrospective Study","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.04.012","article-title":"Mitigating Complications Rate in Parotid Gland Tumor Surgery by Reconstruction Technique with SurgiMend\u00ae: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Observational Study on 300 Consecutive Patients","volume":"53","author":"Germano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirignaco, G., Monarchi, G., Catarzi, L., Paglianiti, M., Betti, E., Committeri, U., Bianchi, A., Balercia, P., and Consorti, G. (2025). Airway Management in Complex Maxillofacial Trauma: Evaluating the Role of Submental Intubation as a Viable Alternative to Tracheostomy. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr18010021"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.10.015","article-title":"Tunneled Flaps Reconstruction after Facial Tumor Resection: Retrospective Study and New Forehead Flap","volume":"46","author":"Consorti","year":"2025","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102269","article-title":"The Role of Professional Oral Hygiene in Enhancing Outcomes of Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery","volume":"126","author":"Consorti","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP44","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875241242938","article-title":"Clinical Experience With a Less Invasive Surgical Transparotid Approach and Trapezoidal Plate for Neck and Base Condylar Fractures: A Retrospective Study","volume":"17","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP281","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875241272437","article-title":"Microvascular Reconstructions in Elderly Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma\u2014Too Old for Surgical Treatment?","volume":"17","author":"Radermacher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875241226535","article-title":"The Versatility of the Supraclavicular Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction","volume":"17","author":"Imanol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875231170924","article-title":"Is Using the Harmonic Scalpel Better than Conventional Hemostasis in Neck Dissection? A Meta-Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Hameed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/wjo2.90","article-title":"Facial Nerve Monitoring in Parotid Gland Surgery: Design and Feasibility Assessment of a Potential Standardized Technique","volume":"9","author":"Duque","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814568779","article-title":"Facial Nerve Monitoring during Parotidectomy","volume":"152","author":"Sood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol.\u2014Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, F.-Y., Lien, C.-F., Wang, C.-C., Wang, C.-C., Hwang, T.-Z., Shih, Y.-C., Tseng, H.-Y., Wu, C.-W., Huang, Y.-C., and Huang, T.-Y. (2022). Proposals for Standardization of Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring during Parotid Surgery. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102387"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"186","article-title":"Anatomical Landmarks and Branching Patterns of the Greater Auricular Nerve","volume":"17","author":"Salim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"CD012323","article-title":"Graft Interposition for Preventing Frey\u2019s Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Parotidectomy","volume":"2019","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211058114","article-title":"Effects of Acellular Dermal Matrix on the Prevention of Complications and Esthetic Outcome after Parotidectomy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis","volume":"103","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26597","article-title":"What Is the Best Method for Prevention of Postparotidectomy Frey Syndrome? Network Meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Mashrah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ten Brink, R.S.A., Merema, B.J., den Otter, M.E., van Veldhuizen, W.A., Witjes, M.J.H., and Kraeima, J. (2025). Towards MRI-Only Mandibular Resection Planning: CT-like Bone Segmentation from Routine T1 MRI Images Using Deep Learning. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr18030040"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lievens, M., De Kock, L., Ureel, M., Villeirs, G., Van Paepegem, W., and Coopman, R. (2025). The Accuracy of an Optical White Light Desktop 3D Scanner and Cone Beam CT Scanner Compared to a Multi-Slice CT Scanner to Digitize Anatomical 3D Models: A Pilot Study. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr18020027"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schutte, H., Maat, R., Muradin, M.S.M., and Rosenberg, A.J.W.P. (2025). Technique and Muscle Preferences for Dynamic Facial Reanimation in Irreversible Facial Paralysis\u2014A Literature Review. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr18010020"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.104530","article-title":"Patient Satisfaction in Orthognathic Surgery and the Role of Expectations","volume":"54","author":"Cirignaco","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2019.00248","article-title":"Acellular Dermal Matrix (Insuregraf) in the Prevention of Frey\u2019s Syndrome and Surgical Site Depression after Parotidectomy","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102893","article-title":"Acellular Dermal Matrix for Prevention of Frey\u2019s Syndrome after Superficial Parotidectomy of Benign Tumors","volume":"42","author":"Mashrah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.762","article-title":"AlloDerm Implants for Prevention of Frey Syndrome after Parotidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Galil, K., and Tekeli, K.M. (2026). Expanding Horizons in Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction: The Role of Exoscopic Microsurgery in Head and Neck Surgery. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr19010010"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bengtsson, M., Naimi-Akbar, A., Johansson-Berggren, J., Dybeck-Udd, S., Magnusson, M., and Lund, B. (2025). The Importance of Antibiotics in Facial Fracture Treatment\u2014A Systematic Meta-Review. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr18040048"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhudaithi, A.S., Almutairi, F.J., Almansour, A.S., Aljeadi, A.A., and Kolarkodi, S.H. (2025). Optimal Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Space Infections in the Maxillofacial Region: A Systematic Review. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr18030031"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006106","article-title":"Preoperative Prediction of Postoperative Infections Using Machine Learning and Electronic Health Record Data","volume":"279","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875231160346","article-title":"Can the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) Predict Healing Complications Following Microvascular Reconstruction of the Head and Neck?","volume":"17","author":"Mosquera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"244","article-title":"Narrative Review: Submental Artery Island Pedicled Flap, Indications, Tips, and Pitfalls","volume":"17","author":"Mosquera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.23736\/S2724-6302.25.02603-9","article-title":"Validation of the QAMAI Tool in Italian for the Evaluation AI-Generated Health Information in Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"75","author":"Vaira","year":"2026","journal-title":"Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaira, L.A., Micheluzzi, V., Lechien, J.R., Maniaci, A., Maglitto, F., Cammaroto, G., Troise, S., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., Consorti, G., and Cirignaco, G. (2026). Telemedicine in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Narrative Review of Clinical Applications, Outcomes and Future Directions. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020452"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consorti, G., Catarzi, L., Frosolini, A., Vaira, L.A., Committeri, U., and Cirignaco, G. (Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 2026). Artificial Intelligence in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Scoping Review of Clinical Applications, Ethical Challenges, and Legal Considerations, Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2026.02.020"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerke, S., Minssen, T., and Cohen, G. (2020). Ethical and Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Healthcare. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3570129"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875231222803","article-title":"Utility of an Artificial Intelligence Language Model for Post-Operative Patient Instructions Following Facial Trauma","volume":"17","author":"Mohan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr."}],"container-title":["Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &amp; Reconstruction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1943-3883\/19\/2\/23\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:13:02Z","timestamp":1777036382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1943-3883\/19\/2\/23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cmtr19020023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cmtr19020023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-3883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-3883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]}}}