{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T09:20:49Z","timestamp":1787649649142,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr.","CMTR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Facial expressions and aesthetics are vital for communication, self-expression, and social interaction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of localization and size of facial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) on changes in perceived pre- and postoperative health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had undergone surgery for facial cSCC. Size, localization and stage were assessed. Pre- and postoperative HR-QoL were evaluated using the Skindex-29. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, the X2 Test, Wilcoxon Test, and repeated-measures ANOVA, were performed to analyze demographic data, tumor characteristics, and changes in HR-QoL. Results: Forty patients (mean age of 78.5 years) were included. Postoperatively, significant improvements were observed in the overall, emotional, and symptomatic HR-QoL. Tumor dimensions had an impact on presurgical emotional distress. For tumor sizes from 6 to 15 mm, significant release in symptom burden and improvement in general HR-QoL were observed. While women experienced notable improvement only in emotional distress, men also exhibited improvement in symptoms, and overall HR-QoL. All age groups showed improvements in emotional distress, symptoms and overall HR-QoL. No significant differences were found in terms of age or localization. Conclusions: This study suggests that sex, tumor localization, and tumor size may interact in influencing postoperative HR-QoL outcomes in patients with cSCC. While surgical treatment by experienced specialists was associated with an overall improvement in HR-QoL following successful tumor eradication, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size. The results indicate that surgery remains an important first-line treatment option, particularly for medium-sized tumors. In this cohort, TNM classification was not associated with postoperative HR-QoL changes; however, interpretation is limited by the predominance of early-stage tumors. Further studies with larger patient populations are required to confirm these observations and to better elucidate the relationship between clinical staging and HR-QoL outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cmtr19030037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:00:48Z","timestamp":1787644848000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Individual Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Facial Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0313-4525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Wagendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Forogh","family":"Miethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner-For\u00dfmann-Krankenhaus, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"W\u00fcster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meikel","family":"Vesper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner-For\u00dfmann-Krankenhaus, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Koerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Rendenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Heiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Nahles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Neckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talamas, S.N., Mavor, K.I., and Perrett, D.I. 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